Opioid receptors and legal highs:: Salvia divinorum and Kratom
Opioid receptors and legal highs:: Salvia divinorum and Kratom
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/15563650701241795
复制
发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Boyer, Edward W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Babu, Kavita M.;McCurdy, Christopher R.;Boyer, Edward W.
丹参和三叶草(“Krtom”)是两种非计划的膳食补充剂，其活性物质是阿片受体激动剂，它们具有不同的精神活性作用，这有助于它们越来越受欢迎。丹参含有高度选择性的kappa-阿片受体激动剂salvinorin A；这种化合物会产生视觉幻觉和联觉。米拉吉宁是从Krtom中发现的主要生物碱，据报道，它是一种部分阿片激动剂，具有与吗啡类似的作用。据报道，Krtom的一种有趣的次要生物碱--7-羟基三氮丙氨酸--比吗啡更有效。据报道，这两种Kratom生物碱都能激活脊髓上的Mu和Delta阿片受体，这解释了慢性毒品使用者使用它们来缓解阿片类药物戒断症状的原因。尽管可以在互联网上广泛使用，但使用丹参和Krtom代表着一种新兴的趋势，它避开了传统的毒物监测方法。这篇文章的目的是让毒理学家和毒物控制专家熟悉这些新兴的精神活性膳食补充剂。
Salvia divinorum and Mitragyna speciosa ("Kratom"), two unscheduled dietary supplements whose active agents are opioid receptor agonists, have discrete psychoactive effects that have contributed to their increasing popularity. Salvia divinorum contains the highly selective kappa- opioid receptor agonist salvinorin A; this compound produces visual hallucinations and synesthesia. Mitragynine, the major alkaloid identified from Kratom, has been reported as a partial opioid agonist producing similar effects to morphine. An interesting minor alkaloid of Kratom, 7-hydroxymitragynine, has been reported to be more potent than morphine. Both Kratom alkaloids are reported to activate supraspinal mu- and delta- opioid receptors, explaining their use by chronic narcotics users to ameliorate opioid withdrawal symptoms. Despite their widespread Internet availability, use of Salvia divinorum and Kratom represents an emerging trend that escapes traditional methods of toxicologic monitoring. The purpose of this article is to familiarize toxicologists and poison control specialists with these emerging psychoactive dietary supplements.