Release of airborne particles and Ag and Zn compounds from nanotechnology-enabled consumer sprays: Implications for inhalation exposure
Release of airborne particles and Ag and Zn compounds from nanotechnology-enabled consumer sprays: Implications for inhalation exposure
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.016
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Mainelis, Gediminas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Calderon, Leonardo;Han, Taewon T.;Mainelis, Gediminas
纳米技术消费品的日益普及和使用增加了消费者对纳米颗粒的潜在暴露;然而，仍然缺乏表征这种消费者暴露的数据。本文报告的研究调查了由于使用13种银（Ag）基和5种锌（Zn）基消费者喷雾剂而导致的近场空气传播暴露。将产品喷洒到专门设计的手套箱中，并且以相等的喷洒持续时间和频率施用所有产品。使用扫描迁移率粒度仪和空气动力学粒度仪评估释放颗粒的尺寸分布和浓度。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）研究所有研究产品中是否存在金属。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）检查选定产品的喷雾液体和空气中的颗粒。我们发现，所有喷雾剂产生的空气传播颗粒的大小从纳米级颗粒（< 100 nm）到粗颗粒（> 2.5 gm）不等;然而，释放的颗粒浓度因产品而异。总的气溶胶质量浓度主要是由粗颗粒的存在，它的范围从30克/米（3）到30，000克/米（3）。TEM证实了纳米颗粒及其团聚体在液体和空气中状态的存在。这些产品被发现不仅含有Ag和Zn化合物-正如产品标签上所宣传的那样-而且还含有各种其他金属，包括锂，锶，钡，铅，锰等。这里所呈现的结果可以用作输入，以模拟人口暴露，以及形成人类健康影响的研究，由于使用纳米技术使产品的基础。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The increasing prevalence and use of nanotechnology-enabled consumer products have increased potential consumer exposures to nanoparticles; however, there is still a lack of data characterizing such consumer exposure. The research reported here investigated near-field airborne exposures due to the use of 13 silver (Ag)-based and 5 zinc (Zn)-based consumer sprays. The products were sprayed into a specially designed glove box, and all products were applied with equal spraying duration and frequency. Size distribution and concentration of the released particles were assessed using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to investigate the presence of metals in all investigated products. Spray liquids and airborne particles from select, products were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). We found that all sprays produced airborne particles ranging in size from nano-sized particles (< 100 nm) to coarse particles (> 2.5 gm); however, there was a substantial variation in the released particle concentration depending on a product. The total aerosol mass concentration was dominated by the presence of coarse particles, and it ranged from 30 g/m(3) to 30,000 g/m(3). The TEM verified the presence of nanoparticles and their agglomerates in liquid and airborne states. The products were found to contain not only Ag and Zn compounds - as advertised on the product labeling - but also a variety of other metals including lithium, strontium, barium, lead, manganese and others. The results presented here can be used as input to model population exposures as well as form a basis for human health effects studies due to the use nanotechnology-enabled products. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.