Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound: Physical Principles and Principal Applications in Neurocritical Care Unit.
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound: Physical Principles and Principal Applications in Neurocritical Care Unit.
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DOI：
10.4103/2211-4122.183746
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Calabrò R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Andrea A;Conte M;Scarafile R;Riegler L;Cocchia R;Pezzullo E;Cavallaro M;Carbone A;Natale F;Russo MG;Gregorio G;Calabrò R
经颅多普勒(TCD)超声检查是一种非侵入性的超声检查，已广泛应用于门诊和住院患者。它包括使用放置在头皮上的低频(≤2 MHz)换能器，通过相对较薄的骨窗照射大脑基底动脉，并测量脑血流速度及其在多种不同条件下的变化。在神经重症监护环境中，TCD对于成人和儿童都是有用的，用于日常床边评估危重情况，包括蛛网膜下腔出血、创伤性脑损伤、急性缺血性中风和脑干死亡的血管痉挛。它还可以用来研究颈动脉疾病和晕厥时脑血管的自我调节。在这篇综述中，我们将描述TCD背后的物理原理，临床实践中最常用的血流指数和神经危重病单元护理中的危重护理应用。
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a noninvasive ultrasound study, which has been extensively applied on both outpatient and inpatient settings. It involves the use of a low-frequency (≤2 MHz) transducer, placed on the scalp, to insonate the basal cerebral arteries through relatively thin bone windows and to measure the cerebral blood flow velocity and its alteration in many different conditions. In neurointensive care setting, TCD is useful for both adults and children for day-to-day bedside assessment of critical conditions including vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, and brain stem death. It also allows to investigate the cerebrovascular autoregulation in setting of carotid disease and syncope. In this review, we will describe physical principles underlying TCD, flow indices most frequently used in clinical practice and critical care applications in Neurocritical Unit care.