Working Memory - The state of the science
Working Memory - The state of the science
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工作记忆——科学现状
DOI：
10.1093/oso/9780198842286.003.0001
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Logie R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Logie R
工作记忆（WM）是指我们保持少量信息随时可用的能力，用于我们当前的活动，并支持决策，指导行动，发表声明，跟踪对话，导航和支持创造性思维和解决问题，记住要做的事情，并更新我们周围一整天发生的事情。换句话说，这是一种我们在生活中每时每刻都在使用的能力。它也是心理科学和认知神经科学中最受欢迎的研究课题之一，现在广泛用于整个社会的日常对话中。在Google Scholar上搜索这个词的结果是超过200万次。哲学家约翰·洛克（John Locke）（1690）提出了一般概念，他将“沉思”与“思想仓库”相对比，并在接下来的三个世纪中提出了一些相关概念（历史回顾，见Logie，1996; Logie &科万，2015）。米勒、加兰特和普里布拉姆（1960）首先简要提到了使用工作记忆这个术语来指代人类的这种心理能力，但人们普遍认为，主要的理论和经验发展是由艾伦·巴德利和格雷厄姆·希奇（1974）以及巴德利及其同事的后续工作推动的（例如，巴德利，1986;参见巴德利、希奇和艾伦，2021）。自1974年那一章之后的近50年里，大量的研究已经产生，导致了关于WM如何工作的多种理论框架的发展，它的能力限制是什么，它是如何组织的，它的功能如何在大脑结构和功能中实现，以及它如何受到大脑损伤的影响。虽然有大量的期刊文章和书籍的方面WM，在过去的20年里，“去”的理论和实证评论的权威收集一直是一本书出版于1999年，由三宅明和Priti沙阿编辑。这本书汇集了当时最著名的WM研究者的观点，
Working memory (WM) refers to our ability to keep a small amount of information readily available for our current activities, and to support decisions, guide actions, make statements, and keep track of conversations, to navigate and support creative thinking and problem-solving, to remember to do things, and to update what is going on around us throughout the day. In other words, it is an ability that we use every waking moment of our lives. It is also one of the most popular research topics in psychological sciences and cognitive neuroscience, and is now widely used in everyday conversation throughout society. A search for the term on Google Scholar resulted in over two million hits. The general concept was identified by the philosopher John Locke (1690) who referred to'contemplation'in contrast with the'storehouse of ideas', and a number of related concepts were proposed over the following three centuries (for historical reviews, see Logie, 1996; Logie & Cowan, 2015). The use of the term WM to refer to this human mental ability was first mentioned briefly by Miller, Galanter, and Pribram (1960), but major theoretical and empirical developments are widely considered to have been stimulated by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch (1974), and subsequent work by Baddeley and colleagues (eg Baddeley, 1986; see chapter by Baddeley, Hitch, & Allen, 2021). Over the following nearly five decades since that 1974 chapter, a large volume of research has been generated, leading to the development of multiple theoretical frameworks regarding how WM works, what are its capacity limitations, how it is organized, how its functions are implemented in brain structure and function, and how it is affected by damage to the brain. Although there are large numbers of journal articles and books on aspects of WM, for the last 20 years the'go to'definitive collection of theoretical and empirical reviews has been a book published in 1999 and edited by Akira Miyake and Priti Shah. That book was remarkable in bringing together the ideas of the most high-profile WM researchers at the time,