Editorial: Towards a Regional Political Science

Editorial: Towards a Regional Political Science
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社论:走向区域政治学

DOI:
10.1080/00343404.2012.746443
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Jeffery C
Jeffery C
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jeffery C

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这一特别问题挑战了政治学中的一种倾向,即把民族国家作为研究社会和政治生活的主要分析单位,并因此忽视了该地区作为政治分析单位的倾向。这种倾向在社会科学中很普遍,并被批评为“方法论民族主义”:社会科学家很容易复制未经反映的、“自然化的”假设,即民族国家,正如马丁斯(1974,第276页)在早期的一篇评论中所说的那样,是“划分社会科学问题和现象的终端单位和边界条件”。从现代化和进步是通过民族国家内的大众民主和福利国家的制度化来实现的意义上说,它是“终极单位”。它是“边界条件”,因为它界定了被认为是组织社会和政治生活的最重要的尺度,并区分了不同的民族国家,以便能够在该尺度上进行比较分析。套用乌尔里希·贝克的话说,“支配社会科学想象的是一种民族国家的社会观、政治观、法律、正义和历史观”(贝克,2002年,第52页)。这种关于民族国家的自然化假设受到了强有力的挑战(Chernilo,2007)。这些挑战很大程度上来自那些从事跨民族主义研究的人:贝克及其同事倡导一种新的“世界主义”(Beck,2000,2002,2007;Beck和Szneider,2006;Beck和Grande,2007);关于移民的人类学工作(例如,Wimmer和Glick Schhil-ler,2002);关于全球化和欧洲一体化的国际关系工作(例如Cerny,1997;Scholte,2005;Egeberg,2008);以及(尽管使用不同的术语)关于超越“民族国家”的新主权模式的出现的公法工作(例如Walker,2008)。这类关于跨国家主义的工作是对方法论民族主义的有力纠正。然而,在了解该州内部的事态发展方面,它几乎没有提供什么帮助。事实上,在某些情况下,对方法论民族主义的跨国批评已经造成了更加严重的忽视次国家区域作为重要的分析单位的后果,因为它认为欧洲、或世界性或全球化的社会和政治生活分析尺度被或应该被视为社会科学研究最重要的尺度(Jeffery和Wincott,2010,第174-175页)。这种对次国家区域的双重忽视--通过偏爱民族国家和跨州分析尺度--并不是统一适用于社会科学。关于该地区的研究在人文地理学和空间经济学中广泛存在,这是由一些开创性的贡献(例如,Ohmae,1993;Storper,1995;Amin and Thrift,1995)推动的,并被一种(现在不是这样)“新”地区主义的术语所描述,它已经发起了自己的派系之争(例如,Lovering,1999;Wren,2009),这些工作在定制的期刊上进行,包括
This special issue challenges the tendency within political science to focus on the nation-state as the main unit of analysis in studying social and political life, and, in consequence, to neglect the region as a unit for political analysis. This tendency has been widespread in the social sciences and has been criticized as a ‘methodological nationalism’: social scientists all too easily reproduce unreflected,‘naturalized’assumptions that the nation-state, as MARTINS (1974, p. 276) put it in an early critique, is ‘the terminal unit and boundary condition for the demarcation of problems and phenomena for social science’. It is the ‘terminal unit’in the sense that modernization and ‘progress’ were achieved through the institutionalization of mass democracy and welfare statehood within the nation-state. It is the ‘boundary condition’because it demarcates what is held to be the most important scale at which social and political life is organized, and distinguishes between different nation-states so that comparative analysis at that scale can be carried out. To paraphrase Ulrich Beck’s comment,‘it is a nation-state outlook on society and politics, law, justice and history’that has governed the social science imagination (BECK, 2002, p. 52). Such naturalized assumptions about the nation-state have fallen under a powerful challenge (CHERNILO, 2007). Much of that challenge has come from those working on trans-nationalism: in the advocacy of a new ‘cosmopolitanism’by Beck and colleagues (BECK, 2000, 2002, 2007; BECK and SZNAIDER, 2006; BECK and GRANDE, 2007); in anthropological work on migration (for example, WIMMER and GLICK SCHIL-LER, 2002); in international relations work on globalization and European integration (for example, CERNY, 1997; SCHOLTE, 2005; EGEBERG, 2008); and (though with different terminology) in public law work on the emergence of new patterns of sovereignty that transcend the ‘nation-state’(for example, WALKER, 2008). Such work on trans-nationalism has been a powerful corrective to methodological nationalism. It has, however, had little to offer in understanding developments within the state. Indeed, in some cases the transnational critique of methodological nationalism has had the effect of compounding the neglect of substate regions as significant units of analysis by arguing that a European, or cosmopolitan, or globalized scale for the analysis of social and political life is, or should be, regarded as the most important for social science research (JEFFERY and WINCOTT, 2010, pp. 174–175). This twofold neglect of the sub-state region–through the preference of nation-state and trans-state scales of analysis–does not apply uniformly across the social sciences. Work on the region is widespread in human geography and spatial economics, driven on by a number of seminal contributions (for example, OHMAE, 1993; STORPER, 1995; AMIN and THRIFT, 1995), and captured in a terminology of a (now not so)‘new’regionalism which has launched its own factional disputes (for example, LOVERING, 1999; WREN, 2009) carried out in bespoke journals including
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DOI: 10.1007/978-1-137-01421-4_9
发表时间: 2010
影响因子: 1.9
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