Geographical Analysis for Detecting High-Risk Areas for Bovine/Human Rabies Transmitted by the Common Hematophagous Bat in the Amazon Region, Brazil.
Geographical Analysis for Detecting High-Risk Areas for Bovine/Human Rabies Transmitted by the Common Hematophagous Bat in the Amazon Region, Brazil.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0157332
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fernandes ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Andrade FA;Gomes MN;Uieda W;Begot AL;Ramos Ode S;Fernandes ME
常见的吸血蝙蝠，圆腿蝠，是拉丁美洲几个地区狂犬病病毒的主要野生宿主之一。新的生产实践和土地利用的改变为D.圆蝠种群，使这个物种的狂犬病的主要传播者在循环，涉及人类和食草动物。在亚马逊地区，这些特征包括环境、社会和经济组成部分的马赛克，这些组成部分共同创造了人类和牛感染风险程度不同的地区，正如在巴西亚马逊东部的这项工作中所呈现的那样。我们对总共175例狂犬病病例进行了地理参考，其中88%发生在牛身上，12%发生在人类身上，并将这些病例与许多不同的地理和生物变量联系起来。空间分布进行了分析，使用核函数，而与独立变量的关联进行了评估，使用多标准层次分析法（AHP）技术。对牛和人类狂犬病发生情况的时空分析发现，东部帕拉州的病例数减少，那里没有记录更多的人类病例，而该州东北部的牛感染率较高，东南部的感染率较低。牛狂犬病风险最高的地区位于河流和高速公路附近。就人类狂犬病而言，高风险地区最集中的地方是公路网与农村和土著人口密度高的地方。人类和牛狂犬病的高风险地区呈斑块状分布，与广泛的森林砍伐区、大群牛和高速公路的存在有关。这些研究结果为建立流行病学模型提供了重要的数据库，有助于制定有效的预防措施和控制措施。
The common hematophagous bat, Desmodus rotundus, is one of the main wild reservoirs of rabies virus in several regions in Latin America. New production practices and changed land use have provided environmental features that have been very favorable for D. rotundus bat populations, making this species the main transmitter of rabies in the cycle that involves humans and herbivores. In the Amazon region, these features include a mosaic of environmental, social, and economic components, which together creates areas with different levels of risk for human and bovine infections, as presented in this work in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We geo-referenced a total of 175 cases of rabies, of which 88% occurred in bovines and 12% in humans, respectively, and related these cases to a number of different geographical and biological variables. The spatial distribution was analyzed using the Kernel function, while the association with independent variables was assessed using a multi-criterion Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The spatiotemporal analysis of the occurrence of rabies in bovines and humans found reduction in the number of cases in the eastern state of Pará, where no more cases were recorded in humans, whereas high infection rates were recorded in bovines in the northeastern part of the state, and low rates in the southeast. The areas of highest risk for bovine rabies are found in the proximity of rivers and highways. In the case of human rabies, the highest concentration of high-risk areas was found where the highway network coincides with high densities of rural and indigenous populations. The high-risk areas for human and bovine rabies are patchily distributed, and related to extensive deforested areas, large herds of cattle, and the presence of highways. These findings provide an important database for the generation of epidemiological models that could support the development of effective prevention measures and controls.