What Best Explains Successful Protest Cascades? ICTs and the Fuzzy Causes of the Arab Spring

What Best Explains Successful Protest Cascades? ICTs and the Fuzzy Causes of the Arab Spring
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什么最能解释成功的抗议活动?

DOI:
10.1111/misr.12020
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Howard, Philip N.
Howard, Philip N.
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hussain, Muzammil M.;Howard, Philip N.

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上一次民主化浪潮已经过去了15年。但作为一个地区,北非和中东明显缺乏民众民主运动,直到2011年的头几个月。早在移动的电话和互联网等技术进入这些国家之前,民主化运动就已经存在。但有了这些技术,对民主有共同兴趣的人们建立了广泛的网络,并激活了政治变革的集体行动运动。是什么让政权比其他政权更容易受到这些起义的影响?又是什么解释了一些运动相对于其他运动的成功?信息技术在现代民主化进程中发挥什么作用?权衡多个政治,经济,人口和文化条件,我们发现,信息基础设施,特别是移动的电话的使用,始终出现在简约的模型背后的政权脆弱性和社会运动成功的原因的联合组合的关键成分之一。为了理解当代政治抗议的成功和失败,我们还必须评估公民社会领导人和专制安全部队如何将通信技术视为民主的结果。
It has been 15 years since the last wave of democratization. But as a region, North Africa and the Middle East were noticeably devoid of popular democracy movements—until the early months of 2011. Democratization movements had existed long before technologies like mobile phones and the Internet came to these countries. But with these technologies, people sharing an interest in democracy built extensive networks and activated collective action movements for political change. What might have made regimes more susceptible than others to these uprisings, and what might explain the relative successes of some movements over others? What role does information technology have in the modern recipe for democratization? Weighing multiple political, economic, demographic, and cultural conditions, we find that information infrastructure—especially mobile phone use—consistently appears as one of the key ingredients in parsimonious models for the conjoined combinations of causes behind regime fragility and social movement success. To understand the successes and failures of contemporary political protests, we must also assess how civil society leaders and authoritarian security forces treat communication technologies as democratically consequential.
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