Cigarette yields and human exposure: A comparison of alternative testing regimens
Cigarette yields and human exposure: A comparison of alternative testing regimens
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0047
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
McNeill, Ann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammond, David;Fong, Geoffrey T.;McNeill, Ann
目的：人们普遍认为，测量香烟烟雾成分的测试协议-国际标准化组织方案-是一个不适当的机制，用于评估人体暴露。加拿大和马萨诸塞州已经引入了替代吸烟方案;然而，这些方案尚未针对人类吸烟行为和暴露的生物测量进行评估。本研究的目的是比较人类吸烟者的吸烟量和尼古丁摄入量与五种不同机器吸烟方案产生的抽吸变量和尼古丁产量的测量结果：（a）国际标准化组织，（B）马萨诸塞州，（c）加拿大，（d）补偿方案，和（e）人类模拟方案。吸烟量和吸烟行为的措施，记录了51名吸烟者使用便携式吸烟地形仪的三个为期一周的试验。每周结束时测量唾液可替宁。参与者吸烟的香烟品牌然后在五种测试方案下进行机器吸烟，包括人类模拟条件，其中品牌使用人类吸烟者记录的抽吸行为进行机器吸烟。从每支香烟和尼古丁，焦油，和一氧化碳产量收集的烟雾的总体积recorded.Results：没有四个机器吸烟方案充分反映人类模仿焦油，尼古丁，和一氧化碳产量。此外，没有四个吸烟方案产生的尼古丁产量与实际的尼古丁摄取human.Conclusions：没有现有的吸烟方案充分代表人类的吸烟行为，也不产生与人类的尼古丁摄取措施相关的产量。
Objective: There is general agreement that the testing protocol for measuring cigarette smoke constituents-the International Organization for Standardization regimen- is an inappropriate mechanism for evaluating human exposure. Alternative smoking regimens have been introduced in Canada and Massachusetts; however, these regimens have not been evaluated against human smoking behavior and biomeasures of exposure. The objective of this study was to compare measures of smoke volume and nicotine uptake among human smokers against the puffing variables and nicotine yields generated by five different machine smoking regimens: (a) International Organization for Standardization, (b) Massachusetts, (c) Canadian, (d) a Compensatory regimen, and (e) a Human Mimic regimen.Methods: Measures of smoke volume and puffing behavior were recorded for 51 smokers who used a portable smoking topography device for three 1-week trials. Measures of salivary cotinine were taken at the completion of each week. The cigarette brands smoked by participants were then machine-smoked under five testing regimens, including a human mimic condition where brands were machine smoked using the puffing behavior recorded from human smokers. The total volume of smoke collected from each cigarette and the nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide yields were recorded.Results: None of the four machine smoking regimens adequately reflected Human Mimic Yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. In addition, none of the four smoking regimens generated nicotine yields that were associated with actual nicotine uptake in humans.Conclusions: None of the existing smoking regimens adequately represents human smoking behavior nor do they generate yields associated with human measures of nicotine uptake.