Induction of Endotoxin Tolerance
Induction of Endotoxin Tolerance
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内毒素耐受的诱导
DOI：
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发表时间：
1983
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. E. Greisman
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. E. Greisman
对革兰氏阴性细菌内毒素的耐药性一般有两种形式。一种似乎是由基因决定的，受影响的物种(或菌株)对最初静脉注射相对大量的内毒素表现出最小的反应。例如，致命的和致热性的无反应性在狒狒、马鞭鸟和C3H/HeJ小鼠中可见(Sultzer，1968；Westphal，1975)。与这种天然抵抗力不同的是，其他物种对最初静脉注射内毒素的反应是一系列显著的生理和生化变化，人类是反应最快的物种之一(Greisman和Hornick，1973)。当以适当的间隔重新给予内毒素时，这些反应中的大多数都会逐渐减少。这种获得性抗性或耐受性对于每一种反应并不一定以相同的时间序列发展；事实上，尤其是在最初的几天里，一个人可能会出现高反应性，而另一个人可能会出现耐受性(Greer和Rietschel，1978)。这篇综述将讨论内毒素诱导对两种反应耐受的一些机制，这两种反应已经得到了最深入的研究-发热和致死性。
Resistance to gram-negative bacterial endotoxins occurs in two general forms. One appears genetically determined, the affected species (or strain) exhibiting minimal responses to an initial intravenous injection of relatively massive quantities of endotoxin. Examples are the lethal and pyrogenic unresponsiveness seen in baboons, vervets, and C3H/ HeJ mice (Sultzer, 1968; Westphal, 1975). In contrast to such natural resistance, other species respond to an initial intravenous injection of endotoxin with an array of striking physiologic and biochemical alterations, man being one of the most highly responsive (Greisman and Hornick, 1973). Most of these responses decrease progressively when the endotoxin is readministered at appropriate intervals. Such acquired resistance, or tolerance, does not necessarily develop in the same temporal sequence for each response; indeed, particularly during the initial several days, hyperreactivity may occur to one while tolerance appears to another (Greer and Rietschel, 1978). This review will consider some of the mechanisms underlying the induction of endotoxin tolerance to two responses that have been most intensively studied—fever and lethality.