The roles of mental animations and external animations in understanding mechanical systems
The roles of mental animations and external animations in understanding mechanical systems
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DOI：
10.1207/s1532690xci2104_1
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Cate, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hegarty, M;Kriz, S;Cate, C
研究了计算机动画和心理动画对人的机械系统心理模型的影响。在3个实验中，学生们学习了机械系统如何从各种教学处理，包括观看静态图的机器，预测从静态图的运动，观看计算机动画，并观看静态和动画图伴随着口头评论。虽然学生的系统的理解，提高了观看静态和动画图，有没有证据表明，动画图导致上级动态过程的理解相比，静态图。通过向学生提出要求他们根据静态图预测机器行为的问题以及为他们提供动态过程的口头描述，增强了对图表的理解。本文提出，从静态图预测运动参与学生的心理动画过程，包括空间可视化，并为他们提供有关他们做什么和不了解机器如何工作的信息。口头教学提供了不容易在图形中传达的信息，并将学生的注意力引导到静态和动画图中的相关信息上。研究表明，理解学生的心理动画能力是从外部动画学习理论的重要组成部分。
The effects of computer animations and mental animation on people's mental models of a mechanical system are examined. In 3 experiments, students learned how a mechanical system works from various instructional treatments including viewing a static diagram of the machine, predicting motion from static diagrams, viewing computer animations, and viewing static and animated diagrams accompanied by verbal commentaries. Although students' understanding of the system was improved by viewing both static and animated diagrams, there was no evidence that animated diagrams led to superior understanding of dynamic processes compared to static diagrams. Comprehension of diagrams was enhanced by asking students questions that required them to predict the behavior of the machine from static diagrams and by providing them with a verbal description of the dynamic processes. This article proposes that predicting motion from static diagrams engages students' mental animation processes, including spatial visualization, and provides them with information about what they do and do not understand about how the machine works. Verbal instruction provides information that is not easily communicated in graphics and directs students' attention to the relevant information in static and animated diagrams. The research suggests that an understanding of students' mental animation abilities is an important component of a theory of learning from external animations.