Understanding Host-Switching by Ecological Fitting.
Understanding Host-Switching by Ecological Fitting.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0139225
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Boeger WA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Araujo SB;Braga MP;Brooks DR;Agosta SJ;Hoberg EP;von Hartenthal FW;Boeger WA
尽管事实上，寄生虫是高度专业化的主机，经验证据表明，主机切换，而不是共同物种形成的主导因素，影响宿主-寄生虫协会的多样化。生态拟合在草率的健身空间已被提出作为一种机制，允许生态专家主机切换容易。该建议在这里使用基于个体的主机切换模型进行测试。该模型认为寄生虫物种暴露于多种宿主资源。随着时间的推移，寄主范围的扩大可以很容易地发生，而无需事先进化出新的遗传能力。它还在适应度空间的大小上产生非线性变化。寄主定殖能力受到繁殖体压力的强烈影响，早期的过程中，由健身空间的大小后。模拟结果表明，共同适应可能是由暂时失去不太适合的表型。此外，寄生虫可以在次优宿主中持续很长时间，因此可以通过“踏脚石”过程在远亲宿主中定殖。
Despite the fact that parasites are highly specialized with respect to their hosts, empirical evidence demonstrates that host switching rather than co-speciation is the dominant factor influencing the diversification of host-parasite associations. Ecological fitting in sloppy fitness space has been proposed as a mechanism allowing ecological specialists to host-switch readily. That proposal is tested herein using an individual-based model of host switching. The model considers a parasite species exposed to multiple host resources. Through time host range expansion can occur readily without the prior evolution of novel genetic capacities. It also produces non-linear variation in the size of the fitness space. The capacity for host colonization is strongly influenced by propagule pressure early in the process and by the size of the fitness space later. The simulations suggest that co-adaptation may be initiated by the temporary loss of less fit phenotypes. Further, parasites can persist for extended periods in sub-optimal hosts, and thus may colonize distantly related hosts by a "stepping-stone" process.