Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): Its essential role in the immune system and cell growth
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): Its essential role in the immune system and cell growth
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DOI：
10.1089/10799900050151012
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Nishihira, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nishihira, J
巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子（MIF）作为一种多效性蛋白发挥作用，参与炎症和免疫反应。 MIF 最初被发现是一种淋巴因子，参与迟发性超敏反应和各种巨噬细胞功能，包括吞噬作用、扩散和杀肿瘤活性。最近，MIF 被重新评估为促炎细胞因子和垂体衍生激素，可增强内毒素血症。这种蛋白质在各种器官中普遍表达，例如大脑和肾脏。在细胞因子中，MIF 的独特之处在于其在细胞质中的丰富表达和储存，以及其对抗糖皮质激素的作用。出人意料地发现MIF可将D-多巴色素（天然存在的L-多巴色素的对映体）转化为5,6-二羟基吲哚。然而，其生理意义仍有待阐明。研究表明，抗 MIF 抗体可有效抑制肿瘤生长和肿瘤相关血管生成，表明 MIF 不仅参与炎症和免疫反应，还参与肿瘤细胞生长。目前，MIF 不能明确归类为细胞因子、激素或酶。本综述介绍了 MIF 在免疫系统和细胞生长、肿瘤发生和伤口修复中的作用的最新发现，并讨论了其在各种病理生理状态中的潜在功能。
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) functions as a pleiotropic protein, participating in inflammatory and immune responses. MIF was originally discovered as a lymphokine involved in delayed hypersensitivity and various macrophage functions, including phagocytosis, spreading, and tumoricidal activity, Recently, MIF was reevaluated as a proinflammatory cytokine and pituitary-derived hormone potentiating endotoxemia. This protein is ubiquitously expressed in various organs, such as the brain and kidney. Among cytokines, MIF is unique in terms of its abundant expression and storage within the cytoplasm and, further, for its counteraction against glucocorticoids. MIF has unexpectedly been found to convert D-dopachrome, an enantiomer of naturally occurring L-dopachrome, to 5,6-dihydroxyindole, However, its physiologic significance remains to be elucidated. It was demonstrated that anti-MIF antibodies effectively suppress tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis, suggesting that MIF is involved not only in inflammatory and immune responses but also in tumor cell growth. At present, MIF cannot be clearly categorized as either a cytokine, hormone, or enzyme. This review presents the latest findings on the role of MIF in the immune system and in cell growth, with regard to tumorigenesis and wound repair, and discusses its potential functions in various pathophysiologic states.