Butterfly nectaring flowers: butterfly morphology and flower form
Butterfly nectaring flowers: butterfly morphology and flower form
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1004096432758
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Corbet, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corbet, SA
蝴蝶觅食的盈利能力部分取决于花冠的深度和花朵的聚集，以及蝴蝶的舌头长度，体重和翅膀负荷。花和蝴蝶的这些属性之间的相互作用进行了调查，使用的数据从康沃尔郡的实地研究和波特等人（1992年）。蝴蝶可以进食的最大花冠深度取决于舌头的长度，这与更容易测量的身体质量和翅膀负荷的属性相关。小而短舌的蝴蝶不去深花。每朵花的花蜜糖的数量取决于觅食成本，预计与翼负荷。高翅载量的蝴蝶种类一般只会去那些密集的或富含花蜜的花。低翼载的蝴蝶种类在它们的饮食中包括孤独和花蜜丰富的花朵。身体质量和翅膀负荷影响蝴蝶的承载能力（限制燃料停止之间的距离）和冷却速率（限制晒太阳或吸热变暖的停止之间的距离），因此会影响花卉选择性和迁移和传播的能力。身体质量，翼负荷和舌头长度的特点家庭或亚科的蝴蝶。例如，长舌头和高翅的vanessine nymphalids访问了深，密集的Buddleja davidii的花朵，但是短舌头和低翅的lycaenids没有。这些经常访问成员的菊科。大麻泽兰（Eupatorium cannabinum）的花朵密集，花蜜丰富，容易获得，各种舌头长度的蝴蝶都来拜访过，翅膀的负荷也有高有低。这些发现可能有助于为蝴蝶花蜜的栖息地管理提供信息。
The profitability of butterfly foraging depends in part on the corolla depth and clustering of flowers, and the tongue length, body mass and wing loading of butterflies. Interactions among these attributes of flowers and butterflies were investigated, using data from a field study in Cornwall and from Porter et al. (1992). The maximum corolla depth from which a butterfly can feed depends on tongue length, which correlates with the more easily measured attributes of body mass and wing loading. Small, short-tongued butterflies did not visit deep flowers. The quantity of nectar sugar per flower necessary for profitable foraging depends on foraging costs, which are expected to correlate with wing loading. Butterfly species with a high wing loading generally confined their visits to flowers that were clustered or very nectar-rich. Butterfly species with a low wing loading included solitary and less nectar-rich flowers in their diet. Body mass and wing loading affect a butterfly's load-carrying capacity (limiting the distance between fuelling stops) and cooling rate (limiting the distance between stops for basking or endothermic warming), and will therefore influence the capacity for floral selectivity and for migration and dispersal. Body mass, wing loading and tongue length characterised families or subfamilies of butterflies. For example vanessine nymphalids, with their long tongues and high wing loading, visited the deep, massed flowers of Buddleja davidii, but lycaenids, with their short tongues and low wing loading, did not. These often visited members of the Asteraceae. Eupatorium cannabinum, with massed flowers offering abundant and accessible nectar, was visited by butterflies of all tongue lengths and both high and low wing loading. These findings may help to inform habitat management for butterfly nectaring flowers.