When sex equals AIDS: Symbolic stigma and heterosexual adults' inaccurate beliefs about sexual transmission of AIDS
When sex equals AIDS: Symbolic stigma and heterosexual adults' inaccurate beliefs about sexual transmission of AIDS
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DOI：
10.1525/sp.2005.52.1.15
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Capitanio, JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herek, GM;Widaman, KF;Capitanio, JP
数据嵌入在异性恋，讲英语的美国成年人（N = 1，283）的全国电话调查的实验被用来检查之间的关系的表现形式的象征性耻辱和错误的信念艾滋病传播。每个受访者提出了三个场景，描述了一个假设的性接触之间的主角和艾滋病毒阴性或阳性的合作伙伴，其中使用或不使用避孕套。合作伙伴的性别和主人公的性别和性取向进行了实验操纵。几乎所有受访者都知道，艾滋病可能通过与艾滋病患者发生无保护措施的性行为而感染。有相当一部分人错误地认为它可以通过与未感染的伴侣发生性关系而感染，与异性恋者相比，更多的受访者认为同性恋者或双性恋者与另一名（未感染）男性发生性关系有感染艾滋病的风险。社会经济地位（较低的教育水平和收入），性别（女性），种族（黑人），宗教信仰，个人对感染艾滋病的关注，以及缺乏关于通过随意接触传播艾滋病毒的知识，预测了通过无保护性行为传播艾滋病毒的不准确信念。与其他变量的统计控制，性偏见是一个重要的预测不准确的信念，艾滋病毒传播通过保护性行为，而不是无保护的性行为。
Data from an experiment embedded in a national telephone survey of heterosexual, English-speaking U.S. adults (N = 1,283) were used to examine the relationship between manifestations of symbolic stigma and erroneous beliefs about AIDS transmission. Each respondent was presented with three scenarios describing a hypothetical sexual encounter between a protagonist and an HIV-negative or HIV-positive partner in which condoms were or were not used. The partner's gender and the protagonist's gender and sexual orientation were experimentally manipulated. Nearly all respondents knew that AIDS could be contracted through unprotected sex witha person with AIDS. A substantial minority erroneously believed it could be contracted through sex with an uninfected partner, and significantly more respondents believed that a homosexual or bisexual man who had sex with another (uninfected) man risked contracting AIDS compared to respondents who were asked about a heterosexual encounter. Inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission through unprotected sex were predicted by socioeconomic status (lower educational level and income), gender (being female), race (being black), religiosity, personal concern about contracting AIDS, and lack of knowledge about HIV transmission through casual contact. With other variables statistically controlled, sexual prejudice was a significant predictor of inaccurate beliefs about HlV transmission through protected sex but not unprotected sex.