Late Glacial and Holocene environmental history on the eastern slope of the Middle Ural mountains, Russia
Late Glacial and Holocene environmental history on the eastern slope of the Middle Ural mountains, Russia
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俄罗斯中乌拉尔山脉东坡的晚冰期和全新世环境历史
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.035
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
T. G. Antipina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. K. Panova;T. G. Antipina
研究区位于乌拉尔山脉中段的东坡，海拔250-300米，在针叶林南部亚带的松林中。现代气候为温带大陆性气候。为了评估全新世环境动态，通过孢粉学和古植物学分析以及放射性碳测年对泥炭沼泽沉积物进行了研究。本文介绍了一个多代理研究的结果，五个部分的Shigirskiy和Gorbunovskiy泥炭沼泽，前冰川后的湖泊变成泥炭沼泽在全新世。这项研究与泥炭和腐泥中文化层的考古调查相结合，这些文化层代表了银行和岛屿上定居点的痕迹。对179个样品进行了孢粉学和植物学分析，并对29个泥炭和腐泥样品进行了放射性碳测年。从晚冰期末到全新世，泥炭沼泽的地层、沉积过程、环境动力学和古人类活动都有明显的特征。建立了研究区气候变化最显著的三个时期。1)在晚冰期与全新世早期的交界处，约1.1万年前（11 ka），气候变暖，树木植被开始扩展：（2）9.3 ~ 8.6ka的大幅度变暖，导致松树广泛分布，形成阔叶混交林;（3）森林群落中云杉和阔叶树栖植物的突然减少，表明在4.2- 3.8ka发生了一次干冷。这些时期与考古时代的变迁有关。另外三个时期的气候干旱化是建立在云杉花粉谱频率下降和从腐泥泥炭的过渡，由于在约8.3-7.8，6.2-5.8，和5.4万年的湖泊水位下降。文化层的形成与干旱期和地面沃茨的降低有关，这促进了人类对泥炭地的利用。结果以表格形式列出，总结了沉积物日历年龄背景下的环境动力学，并与霍廷斯基（1977年）修改的北方欧亚大陆全新世的Blytt-Sernander分期和全新世的正式三分法（步行者等人，2012年）。
The study area is situated on the eastern slope of the Middle Urals, at an elevation of 250–300 m above sea level, in pine forests of the southern taiga subzone. The modern climate is temperate continental. In order to assess the Holocene environmental dynamics, a study of peat bog deposits by means of palynological and paleobotanical analyses, coupled with radiocarbon dating is undertaken. The article presents the results of a multi-proxy study of five sections of Shigirskiy and Gorbunovskiy peat bogs, the former post-glacial lakes changed into peat bogs during the Holocene. The study is coupled with archaeological investigations of the cultural layers in peat and sapropel, which represent the traces of settlements on the banks and islands. A total of 179 samples are subjected to palynological and botanical analyses and the radiocarbon dates are obtained on 29 samples of peat and sapropel. The peat bog stratigraphy, sedimentation processes, environmental dynamics and ancient human activities are characterized for the period from the end of Late Glacial throughout the Holocene. The three periods of the most significant climatic changes are established for the study area. 1) The warming and beginning of the spread of arboreal vegetation at the boundary between the Late Glacial and Eraly Holocene about 11 thousands calendar years ago, or 11 ka; 2) the substantial warming between 9.3 and 8.6 ka resulted in the wide spread of pine and formation of mixed forests with broad-leaved trees; 3) an abrupt decrease of spruce and broad-leaved arboreal plants in forest communities, indicating a dry cooling at about 4.2–3.8 ka. Those periods are related to the changes of archaeological epochs. The other three periods of climate aridification are established by the decreasing spruce frequencies in the pollen spectra and the transition from sapropel to peat due to lowering water levels in the lakes at about 8.3–7.8, 6.2–5.8, and 5.4 ka. The formation of cultural layers was related to the dry periods and the reduced levels of ground waters, which promoted the human use of the peatlands. The results are presented as a table summarizing the environmental dynamics over the background of the calendar age of deposits and are correlated to the Blytt-Sernander periodization of the Holocene in Northern Eurasia modified by Khotinsky (1977) and the formal tripartite subdivision of the Holocene (Walker et al., 2012).