Intraspecific variation in responses to aposematic prey in a jumping spider ( Phidippus regius )
Intraspecific variation in responses to aposematic prey in a jumping spider ( Phidippus regius )
复制标题
跳蛛（Phidippus regius）对警戒猎物反应的种内变异
DOI：
10.1111/eth.13089
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Taylor, Lisa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powell, Erin C.;Taylor, Lisa A.
警戒信号通常可以让化学防御的猎物避免来自跳蛛等多面性捕食者的攻击。然而，种群中并非所有个体捕食者的行为方式都相同。在实验室试验中，我们记录了大多数 Phidippus regius 跳蛛会攻击并排斥化学防御的马利筋虫（Oncopeltus fasciatus），并立即将它们毫发无伤地释放。然而，种群中的少数个体会杀死并完全吃掉这些可能有毒的猎物。这种现象并不常见，在研究过程中只有 14% 的样本 (17/122) 食用了马利筋虫。杀死并吃掉虫子的人经常会重复这样做。具体来说，在第一次测试中消耗了错误的个体更有可能在第二次测试中杀死错误，并且也倾向于再次消耗它们。我们探索了可能促使一些（但不是全部）个体食用这些昆虫的因素，发现性别、性成熟度、体型、实验室住房类型、野外捕获或实验室饲养都不能预测马利筋虫的消耗。食用昆虫对蜘蛛的质量或身体状况没有负面影响；与预期相反，食用马利筋虫的人实际上体重增加了，身体状况也改善了。我们讨论了个体之间可能驱动这些罕见行为的潜在行为和生理变化以及对猎物防御进化的影响。
Aposematic signals often allow chemically defended prey to avoid attack from generalist predators, including jumping spiders. However, not all individual predators in a population behave in the same way. Here, in laboratory trials, we document that most individualPhidippus regiusjumping spiders attack and reject chemically defended milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatus), immediately releasing them unharmed. However, a small number of individuals within the population kill and completely consume these presumably toxic prey items. This phenomenon was infrequent with only 14% of our sample (17/122) consuming the milkweed bugs over the course of the study. Individuals that killed and consumed bugs often did so repeatedly; specifically, individuals that consumed a bug in their first test were more likely to kill a bug in their second test and also tended to consume them again. We explored what might drive some (but not all) individuals to consume these bugs and found that neither sex, sexual maturity, body size, laboratory housing type, nor being wild‐caught or being laboratory‐reared, predicted milkweed bug consumption. Consuming bugs had no negative effects on spider mass or body condition; contrary to expectations, individuals that consumed milkweed bugs actually gained more body mass and increased in body condition. We discuss potential behavioural and physiological variation between individuals that may drive these rare behaviours and the implications for the evolution of prey defences.