Extra terrestrials: drought creates niche space for rare invertebrates in a large-scale and long-term field experiment.
Extra terrestrials: drought creates niche space for rare invertebrates in a large-scale and long-term field experiment.
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外星人：在大规模、长期的野外实验中，干旱为稀有无脊椎动物创造了利基空间。
DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2023.0381
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Aspin TWH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aspin TWH
在气候变化和过度抽取的综合压力下，淡水栖息地正在更频繁地干涸，而且持续时间更长。不出所料，许多水生物种下降或成为本地灭绝，因为它们的底栖栖息地在流干旱期间丢失，但鲜为人知的是潜在的“赢家”：那些陆地物种，可能会利用新兴的小生境干涸的河床。特别是，我们不知道这些过渡生态交错区将如何应对未来更加极端的干旱。为了找出，我们使用了一个大规模的，长期的围隔实验跨越了很宽的梯度的干旱强度，从永久流量，以充分河床脱水，并分析了陆地无脊椎动物群落组装后1年。干旱造成流碎片产生了最多样化的陆生无脊椎动物组合，包括10种与英国保护指定，和实验通道之间的高物种营业额。干旱造成河床脱水产生较低的陆生无脊椎动物丰富，这表明，持久性的instraptized池可能有利于这些类群以及水生生物群。因此，特别严重的干旱可能会产生相对较少的水生或陆生物种中的“赢家”，这表明未来干旱加剧对河流生物多样性的威胁可能比广泛承认的更普遍。
Freshwater habitats are drying more frequently and for longer under the combined pressures of climate change and overabstraction. Unsurprisingly, many aquatic species decline or become locally extinct as their benthic habitat is lost during stream droughts, but less is known about the potential ‘winners’: those terrestrial species that may exploit emerging niches in drying riverbeds. In particular, we do not know how these transient ecotones will respond as droughts become more extreme in the future. To find out we used a large-scale, long-term mesocosm experiment spanning a wide gradient of drought intensity, from permanent flows to full streambed dewatering, and analysed terrestrial invertebrate community assembly after 1 year. Droughts that caused stream fragmentation gave rise to the most diverse terrestrial invertebrate assemblages, including 10 species with UK conservation designations, and high species turnover between experimental channels. Droughts that caused streambed dewatering produced lower terrestrial invertebrate richness, suggesting that the persistence of instream pools may benefit these taxa as well as aquatic biota. Particularly intense droughts may therefore yield relatively few ‘winners’ among either aquatic or terrestrial species, indicating that the threat to riverine biodiversity from future drought intensification could be more pervasive than widely acknowledged.