Carcinogenicity of anthracene, 2-bromopropane, butyl methacrylate, and dimethyl hydrogen phosphite.
Carcinogenicity of anthracene, 2-bromopropane, butyl methacrylate, and dimethyl hydrogen phosphite.
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蒽、2-溴丙烷、甲基丙烯酸丁酯和亚磷酸氢二甲酯的致癌性。
DOI：
10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00141-9
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nomiyama,Te
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cattley,RussellC;Kromhout,Hans;Sun,Meng;Tokar,ErikJ;Abdallah,MohamedA-E;Bauer,AlisonK;Broadwater,KendraR;Campo,Laura;Corsini,Emanuela;Houck,KeithA;Ichihara,Gaku;Matsumoto,Michiharu;Morais,Simone;Mráz,Jaroslav;Nomiyama,Te
2023年2月至3月，来自10个国家的20名科学家组成的工作组应国际癌症研究机构（IARC）的邀请在法国里昂举行会议，以完成对四种物质的致癌性评估：蒽、2-溴丙烷、甲基丙烯酸丁酯（BMA）和亚磷酸氢二甲酯（DMHP）。2-溴丙烷被归类为“可能对人类致癌”（2A组），这是基于实验动物中致癌的“充分”证据（注意到致癌活性程度异常高）和实验系统中“强有力”的机制证据，并得到了接触工人免疫抑制和受体介导效应调节的暗示性证据的支持。其他三种物质被归类为“可能对人类致癌”（2B组），这是基于实验动物患癌症的“充分”证据。实验动物中癌症的证据是“充分的”，因为观察到恶性肿瘤或良性和恶性肿瘤的适当组合的发生率增加（i）在两个种属中，蒽和BMA;和（ii）在药物非临床研究质量管理规范研究中，在单一种属的两种性别中，2-溴丙烷和DMHP。对于所有四种药剂，关于人类癌症的证据是“不充分的”，因为没有研究。这些评估将在IARC专著第133卷中发表。1.蒽是一种高产量的多环芳烃（PAH）。它被用作染料和颜料，烟火，涂料，木材防腐剂，杀虫剂和其他有机化学品制造的中间体。它是在有机物的不完全燃烧或热解过程中与其他多环芳烃一起形成的，是一种普遍存在的环境污染物，通过人为和自然过程。职业接触主要通过吸入和皮肤接触发生在各种行业和活动中，包括炭黑、杂酚油或含杂酚油产品、铝电解用碳阳极和防火材料的制造，以及炼焦、煤坛屋顶拆除、沥青铺设和消防。一般人群的接触途径有多种，包括吸烟、摄入食物和饮料、吸入污染空气（室内或室外生物质燃烧、交通和工业排放）以及接触受污染的土壤或消费品。受污染的食物是非吸烟和非职业接触人群摄入蒽的主要来源。吸收的间接证据主要是通过测量职业接触后尿液中的多环芳烃水平提供的，但在一般人群的血液和其他几种组织中也检测到蒽。在Crj中：BDF 1小鼠和F344/DuCrj大鼠经饮食接触蒽，诱发肝癌和肝细胞腺瘤或癌（合并）和雌性小鼠多个组织部位的组织细胞肉瘤;肝细胞癌和肝细胞腺瘤或癌（合并）和移行细胞乳头状瘤或癌雄性大鼠膀胱腺瘤或癌（合并）;雌性大鼠肾细胞腺瘤或癌（合并）和子宫内膜间质肉瘤。2蒽需要通过与NO2相互作用进行光活化或修饰，以发挥遗传毒性作用。致癌物的关键特征（遗传毒性、氧化应激和受体介导效应的调节）的机制证据“有限”。2-溴丙烷是一种溶剂，用作生产药物，染料，粘合剂和其他化学中间体。
In February–March, 2023, a Working Group of 20 scientists from 10 coun tries met at the invitation of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France, to finalise their evaluation of the carcinogenicity of four agents: anthracene, 2-bromopropane, butyl methacrylate (BMA), and dimethyl hydrogen phosphite (DMHP). 2-Bromopropane was classified as “probably carcinogenic to humans”(Group 2A) based on “sufficient” evidence for cancer in experimental animals (noting an unusually high degree of carcinogenic activity) and “strong” mechanistic evidence in experimental systems, supported by suggestive evidence of immunosuppression and of modulation of receptor-mediated effects in exposed workers. The other three agents were classified as “possibly carcinogenic to humans”(Group 2B) based on “sufficient” evidence for cancer in experimental animals. The evidence for cancer in experimental animals was “sufficient” because an increased incidence of malignant neoplasms or an appropriate combination of benign and malignant neoplasms was observed (i) in two species, for anthracene and BMA; and (ii) in both sexes of a single species in a Good Laboratory Practice study, for 2-bromopropane and DMHP. For all four agents, the evidence regarding cancer in humans was “inadequate”, as no studies were available. These assessments will be published in Volume 133 of the IARC Monographs. 1 Anthracene is a high-productionvolume polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes and pigments, pyrotechnics, coatings, wood preservatives, pesticides, and other organic chemicals. It is formed together with other PAHs during the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter and is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant via both anthropogenic and natural processes. Occupational exposure occurs mainly by inhalation and dermal contact in a variety of industries and activities, including manufacture of carbon black, creosote or creosotecontaining products, carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis, and fireproof material, as well as coking, coaltar roof removal, asphalt paving, and firefighting. Exposure of the general population occurs from multiple routes, including tobacco smoking, ingestion of food and beverages, inhalation of polluted air (from indoor or outdoor burning of biomass, traffic, and industry emissions), and contact with contaminated soils or consumer products. Contaminated food is the major source of anthracene intake by the non-smoking and nonoccupationally exposed population. Indirect evidence of absorption is mainly provided by measurement of PAH levels in urine after occupational exposure, but anthracene is also detected in the blood and several other tissues in the general population. In Crj: BDF1 mice and F344/DuCrj rats exposed via the diet, anthracene caused hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined), and histiocytic sarcoma in multiple tissue sites in female mice; hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined), and transitional cell papilloma or carcinoma (combined) of the urinary bladder in male rats; and renal cell adenoma or carcinoma (combined), and endometrial stromal sarcoma in female rats. 2 Anthracene requires photoactivation or modification by interaction with NO2 to exert genotoxic effects. The mechanistic evidence was “limited” for key characteristics of carcinogens (genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and modulation of receptormediated effects). 2-Bromopropane is a solvent used as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, adhesives, and other …