Adaptive selection of foraging and nesting habitat by black kites (Milvus migrans) and its implications for conservation: a multi-scale approach
Adaptive selection of foraging and nesting habitat by black kites (Milvus migrans) and its implications for conservation: a multi-scale approach
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00332-4
复制
发表时间：
2003-08
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
F. Sergio;P. Pedrini;L. Marchesi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Sergio;P. Pedrini;L. Marchesi
黑鸢（Milvus migrans）是脆弱的，在欧洲范围内正在下降。在这里，我们调查选择的觅食和繁殖栖息地在一个高优先级的人口在意大利前阿尔卑斯山。随机分布相比，风筝觅食优先附近的水，在广泛管理的草地和1公里内的巢址。城市地区被积极地选择在湖泊附近，但在其他方面则被避免。觅食性能高于水比陆地栖息地。风筝在悬崖和树上筑巢，最好靠近水，远离小路和村庄，在崎岖陡峭的微型网站。林分生产力与水体的可利用性呈正相关。因此，食物供应和人为干扰/迫害限制觅食和繁殖性能。维持或提高现有人口水平的指导方针包括：（1）建立保护区，覆盖大型湖泊1公里范围内10%的地区;（2）将现有的灌木林改造为高森林;（3）增加对广泛管理的草地的补贴。我们的研究结果强调了跨尺度模型的重要性，整合选择觅食和繁殖栖息地，并加强了重要资源的空间配置的重要性，更现实的保护管理镶嵌景观。
Black kites (Milvus migrans) are vulnerable and in decline within Europe. Here, we investigate selection of foraging and breeding habitat in a high-priority population in the Italian pre-Alps. Compared to a random distribution, kites foraged preferentially near water, over extensively managed grassland and within 1 km of nest-sites. Urban areas were positively selected near lakes but otherwise avoided. Foraging performance was higher over water than over terrestrial habitats. Kites nested on cliffs and trees and preferentially near water, far from paths and villages and in rugged and steep micro-sites. Tree-nests were located in the most mature tree in the stand. Productivity was positively related to the availability of water bodies. Therefore, food availability and human disturbance/persecution limited foraging and breeding performance. Guidelines to maintain or enhance current population levels include: (1) setting up reserves covering 10% of the areas within 1 km of large lakes; (2) converting current derelict coppice-woodland to high forest; and (3) enhancing subsidies for extensively managed grassland. Our results highlight the importance of cross-scale models integrating selection of foraging and breeding habitat and reinforce the importance of the spatial configuration of key resources for more realistic conservation management in mosaic landscapes.