Learning-Dependent Increases in Sleep Spindle Density
Learning-Dependent Increases in Sleep Spindle Density
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.22-15-06830.2002
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发表时间：
2002-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Gais;M. Mölle;Kay Helms;J. Born
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Gais;M. Mölle;Kay Helms;J. Born
陈述性记忆巩固通过睡眠增强。在对潜在机制的研究中，主要考虑了快速眼动（REM）睡眠和慢波睡眠。最近，以睡眠纺锤波为最突出特征的睡眠阶段2受到越来越多的关注。具体来说，在大鼠中，海马波纹被发现发生在皮层睡眠纺锤波的时间附近，表明海马和新皮层之间的信息传递，这被认为是睡眠期间陈述性记忆巩固的基础。这项研究在人类中观察了在陈述性学习任务上进行广泛训练后夜间睡眠期间EEG活动的变化，并与同等视觉刺激和主观评定的认知紧张的非学习控制任务进行比较。每个睡眠阶段所花费的时间，纺锤体密度和EEG功率谱的28个电极位置进行了测定。在训练后的睡眠中，学习任务后的睡眠纺锤波密度显著高于非学习控制任务。这种影响在睡眠的前90分钟最大（p < 0.01）。此外，睡眠前和睡眠后，纺锤体密度与回忆表现相关（r = 0.56; p < 0.05）。功率谱和睡眠阶段所花费的时间在学习和非学习条件之间没有差异。结果表明，在非快速眼动睡眠纺锤波活动是敏感的先前的学习经验。
Declarative memory consolidation is enhanced by sleep. In the investigation of underlying mechanisms, mainly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow-wave sleep have been considered. More recently, sleep stage 2 with sleep spindles as a most prominent feature has received increasing attention. Specifically, in rats hippocampal ripples were found to occur in temporal proximity to cortical sleep spindles, indicating an information transfer between the hippocampus and neocortex, which is supposed to underlie the consolidation of declarative memories during sleep. This study in humans looks at the changes in EEG activity during nocturnal sleep after extensive training on a declarative learning task, as compared with a nonlearning control task of equal visual stimulation and subjectively rated cognitive strain. Time spent in each sleep stage, spindle density, and EEG power spectra for 28 electrode locations were determined. During sleep after training, the density of sleep spindles was significantly higher after the learning task as compared with the nonlearning control task. This effect was largest during the first 90 min of sleep (p < 0.01). Additionally, spindle density was correlated to recall performance both before and after sleep (r = 0.56; p < 0.05). Power spectra and time spent in sleep stages did not differ between learning and nonlearning conditions. Results indicate that spindle activity during non-REM sleep is sensitive to previous learning experience.