MicroRNAs as Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors
MicroRNAs as Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors
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DOI：
10.1002/9781118300312.ch14
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发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Rufino-Palomares;Fernando J Reyes-Zurita;J. A. Lupiáñez;P. Medina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Rufino-Palomares;Fernando J Reyes-Zurita;J. A. Lupiáñez;P. Medina
MicroRNA (miRNA) 是最近发现的一类小 RNA 分子，可在转录后水平调节基因表达。 miRNA 维持适当的平衡，对于肿瘤发展过程（包括增殖、分化、凋亡、衰老、血管生成和转移）非常重要。 miRNA 失调可能会对细胞功能产生深远的影响，特别是因为单个 miRNA 可以改变多种蛋白质的表达。 miRNA 在癌症中表现出差异表达水平，并已证明能够影响细胞转化，充当癌基因或肿瘤抑制因子。在本章中，我们从传统的角度讨论 miRNA 在癌症中的作用，即当它们损害肿瘤进展时作为肿瘤抑制因子，或当它们促进肿瘤进展时作为癌基因。然而，由于 miRNA 的作用本质上是多效性的，因此这种分类应该被认为是灵活的。有趣的是，miRNA 表达谱可能成为癌症诊断和预测的有用生物标志物。此外，miRNA疗法可能成为癌症预防和治疗的有力工具。尽管miRNA时代才刚刚开始几年，但它为包括癌症在内的许多人类病理学的临床应用带来了巨大的希望。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. miRNAs maintain the appropriate balance important for the process in tumor development including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, angiogenesis, and metastasis. miRNA deregulation may have profound consequences in cell functionality, especially because individual miRNAs can modify the expression of multiple proteins. miRNAs exhibit differential expression levels in cancer and have demonstrated capability to affect cellular transformation, acting either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In this chapter, we discuss the role of miRNAs in cancer from a traditional point of view as tumor suppressors when they impair tumor progression or as oncogenes when they promote it. However, since the effects of the miRNAs are intrinsically pleiotropic, this classification should be considered flexible. Interestingly, miRNA expression profiles may become useful biomarkers for cancer diagnostics and prediction. In addition, miRNA therapy could be a powerful tool for cancer prevention and therapeutics. Although the miRNA era started only a few years ago, it has brought great promise for clinical applications of many human pathologies, including cancer.