Comparison of Larval Development and Overwintering Stages of the Spotted Knapweed Biological Control Agents Agapeta zoegana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Cyphocleonus achates (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Montana Versus Eastern Europe
Comparison of Larval Development and Overwintering Stages of the Spotted Knapweed Biological Control Agents Agapeta zoegana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Cyphocleonus achates (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Montana Versus Eastern Europe
复制标题
蒙大拿州与东欧斑点矢车菊生物防治剂 Agapeta zoegana（鳞翅目：Tortricidae）和 Cyphocleonus achates（鞘翅目：象甲科）幼虫发育和越冬阶段的比较
DOI：
10.1603/022.038.0403
复制
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. White
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Corn;J. Story;L. White
摘要
如果新的气候比它们的本地范围更极端，为生物控制入侵杂草而引进的昆虫的幼虫发育可能会受到限制。本文报道了圆叶无心菜（Agapeta zoegana L.）和Cyphocleonus achates（Fahraeus），这是从东欧引入的两种生物防治昆虫，用于北美西部的斑点矢车菊。我们解剖斑点矢车菊根收集在蒙大拿州西部超过6年无论是在晚秋或早春，并测量幼虫头囊的大小，以确定越冬龄阶段。A.利用晚秋或早春的根系采集对zoegana进行了同样好的估计，但C.使用秋季样品可能会低估Achates的发育速率。这两个物种的幼虫进入滞育在先进的一龄在蒙大拿州西部的报告为他们的本土范围。大多数A. zoegana幼虫在滞育时达到第三龄（26%）或第四龄（20%），只有15%达到第六龄，这是它们在其原生欧亚大陆的典型情况。几乎所有的C.蝗虫以第一龄幼虫越冬，其余大部分（4%）为卵，其中一些在春季存活。C.蝗虫幼虫以二龄越冬，这是其原生地常见的越冬阶段。缓慢的发展可以部分解释为什么A. zoegana在蒙大拿州每年只有一代，而在欧洲每年有两到三代。
ABSTRACT
Larval development of insects introduced for biological control of invasive weeds may be constrained if the new climate is more extreme than in their native range. We surveyed larval development in Agapeta zoegana L. and Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus), two species of biological control insects introduced from eastern Europe against spotted knapweed in western North America. We dissected spotted knapweed roots collected from five sites in western Montana over 6 yr either in late fall or early spring and measured larval head capsule size to determine the overwintering instar stage. Development of A. zoegana was estimated equally well with late fall or early spring root collections, but C. achates rate of development may be underestimated using fall samples. The larvae of neither species entered diapause in as advanced an instar in western Montana as reported for their native range. Most A. zoegana larvae reached the third (26%) or fourth (20%) instar at diapause, with only 15% reaching sixth instars, as they typically do in their native Eurasia. Almost all (94%) C. achates overwintered as first instars, with most of the remaining (4%) being eggs, some of which were viable in the spring. Only a small number (2%) of C. achates larvae overwintered as second instars, the common overwintering stage in their native range. Slower development may explain, in part, why A. zoegana only has one generation per year in Montana compared with two to three generations per year in Europe.