Role of the right prefrontal cortex in ill-structured planning
Role of the right prefrontal cortex in ill-structured planning
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DOI：
10.1080/026432900410775
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发表时间：
2000-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Grafman, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goel, V;Grafman, J
我们测试了一位右前额叶皮层受损的建筑师，让他在现实世界中完成一项建筑设计/规划任务，要求他为我们的实验室空间开发一个新的设计方案，并将他的表现与一位年龄和教育程度相匹配的建筑师进行了比较。“他复杂的建筑知识库仍然完好无损，他在问题结构化阶段非常熟练地使用它。然而，患者的问题解决行为与对照组的行为在以下方面不同：（1）他不能从问题结构转换到问题解决;（2）因此，初步设计直到进入会话的三分之二才开始;（3）初步设计阶段是最小的和不稳定的，由三个独立产生的片段组成;（4）这些碎片没有进展或侧向发展;（5）没有将抽象信息带入初步设计或后期阶段;（6）患者没有进入详细设计阶段。这表明，了解我们的病人的缺陷的关键是要了解的认知过程和机制，在初步设计phase.We呼吁设计问题解决的理论（Goel，1995），涉及的认知过程与“横向”状态转换的初步设计，并认为，“不良结构”的代表性和计算系统是必要的，以支持这些转换。我们的结论是，该系统的神经基础是选择性损害我们的病人。
We tested an architect with a lesion to the right prefrontal cortex in a real-world architectural design/planning task that required him to develop a new design for our lab space and compared his performance to an age- and education-matched architect.The patient understood the task and even observed that "this is a very simple problem." His sophisticated architectural knowledge base was still intact and he used it quite skilfully during the problem structuring phase. However, the patient's problem-solving behaviour differed from the control's behaviour in the following ways: (1) he was unable to make the transition from problem structuring to problem solving; (2) as a result preliminary design did not start until two thirds of the way into the session; (3) the preliminary design phase was minimal and erratic, consisting of three independently generated fragments; (4) there was no progression or lateral development of these fragments; (5) there was no carryover of abstract information into the preliminary design or later phases, and (6) the patient did not make it to the detailing phase. This suggests that the key to understanding our patient's deficit is to understand the cognitive processes and mechanisms involved in the preliminary design phase.We appeal to a theory of design problem solving (Goel, 1995) that associates cognitive processes involved in preliminary design with "lateral" state transformations and argues that "ill-structured" representational and computational systems are necessary to support these transformations. We conclude that the neural basis of this system is selectively damaged in our patient.