SUSTAIN drilling at Surtsey volcano, Iceland, tracks hydrothermal and microbiological interactions in basalt 50 years after eruption
SUSTAIN drilling at Surtsey volcano, Iceland, tracks hydrothermal and microbiological interactions in basalt 50 years after eruption
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DOI：
10.5194/sd-25-35-2019
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发表时间：
2019-06-12
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Zimanowski, Bernd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jackson, Marie D.;Gudmundsson, Magnus T.;Zimanowski, Bernd
由国际大陆科学钻探计划（ICDP）部分赞助的2017年Surtsey水下火山系统嗜热菌，蚀变过程和创新混凝土（SUSTAIN）钻探项目，提供了对热液，地球化学，地磁，以及自从爆发和喷发产生海洋岛屿以来，玄武岩火山灰和小侵入体中发生的微生物变化在1963-1967年。两个垂直取芯钻孔，152和192米以下的表面，使用过滤，紫外线消毒的海水循环液，以尽量减少微生物污染。这些岩心与1979年钻探的181米岩心平行。介绍性调查表明，在过去的38年中，材料特性和全岩成分发生了变化。在一个垂直钻孔中安装了一个181米的Surtsey地下观测站，在25-124摄氏度的温度下进行孵化实验，监测原位矿物学和微生物蚀变过程。第三个取芯钻孔，在264度方位角方向上倾斜55度，测量深度为354米，提供了对喷发过程的进一步了解，包括在Surtur火山口下方延伸到海底至少100米的直径。SUSTAIN项目提供了1979年至2017年25-141摄氏度温度范围内的第一个延时钻探记录，以及陆上和海底热液流体成分。钻井作业期间采取的严格程序保护了Surtsey自然保护区的敏感环境。
The 2017 Surtsey Underwater volcanic System for Thermophiles, Alteration processes and INnovative concretes (SUSTAIN) drilling project at Surtsey volcano, sponsored in part by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), provides precise observations of the hydrothermal, geochemical, geomagnetic, and microbiological changes that have occurred in basaltic tephra and minor intrusions since explosive and effusive eruptions produced the oceanic island in 1963-1967. Two vertically cored boreholes, to 152 and 192 m below the surface, were drilled using filtered, UV-sterilized seawater circulating fluid to minimize microbial contamination. These cores parallel a 181m core drilled in 1979. Introductory investigations indicate changes in material properties and whole-rock compositions over the past 38 years. A Surtsey subsurface observatory installed to 181 m in one vertical borehole holds incubation experiments that monitor in situ mineralogical and microbial alteration processes at 25-124 degrees C. A third cored borehole, inclined 55 degrees in a 264 degrees azimuthal direction to 354 m measured depth, provides further insights into eruption processes, including the presence of a diatreme that extends at least 100m into the seafloor beneath the Surtur crater. The SUSTAIN project provides the first time-lapse drilling record into a very young oceanic basaltic volcano over a range of temperatures, 25-141 degrees C from 1979 to 2017, and subaerial and submarine hydrothermal fluid compositions. Rigorous procedures undertaken during the drilling operation protected the sensitive environment of the Surtsey Natural Preserve.