Diversity and faunal composition of the deep-sea benthos
Diversity and faunal composition of the deep-sea benthos
复制标题
深海底栖动物的多样性和动物组成
作者：
T. Wolff
改进的技术表明，深海的物种多样性非常高。长期的环境稳定导致了不同群落的建立，其物种在生物学上相互适应。深海小型底栖动物（约60-500微米）主要由有孔虫和线虫组成。大型底栖动物主要是多毛类、有孔虫甲壳类和双壳类。巨型动物的主要组成部分是深海的海蛇尾、深海的大型食腐鱼类和片脚类动物以及深海的片脚类动物。生物量和数密度随着离陆地的距离迅速下降。三个大小组的生物量似乎在同一数量级，而上半深海区小型底栖动物密度可能高达每10平方厘米1 400只，大型底栖动物密度为每平方米20 000只。
Improved techniques have demonstrated a remarkably high species diversity in the deep sea. Long-term environmental stability has resulted in establishment of diverse communities whose species have become biologically accommodated to each other. The deep-sea meiofauna (about 60–500 μm) mainly consists of foraminiferans and nematodes. The macrofauna is dominated by polychaetes, peracarid crustaceans, and bivalves. The major components of the megafauna are brittle stars bathyally, large scavenging fish and amphipods abyssally, and amphipods hadally. Biomass and numerical density decrease rapidly with distance from land. Biomass seems to be of the same order of magnitude for the three size groups, while meiofaunal density in the upper bathyal zone may be up to 1,400 individuals per 10cm2 and macrofaunal density 20,000 individuals per m2.