Experience sampling during fMRI reveals default network and executive system contributions to mind wandering
Experience sampling during fMRI reveals default network and executive system contributions to mind wandering
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0900234106
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发表时间：
2009-05-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Schooler, Jonathan W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christoff, Kalina;Gordon, Alan M.;Schooler, Jonathan W.
虽然走神在我们清醒的生活中占据了很大的比例，但它的神经基础以及与持续行为的关系仍然存在争议。我们报告了一项功能磁共振成像研究，使用经验采样提供了一个在线测量的心在一个并发的任务。分析集中在时间间隔之前的经验采样探针显示激活的默认网络区域在走神，一个发现与默认网络功能的理论帐户一致。内侧前额叶默认网络区域的激活与主观自我报告的走神和一个独立的行为措施（性能错误的并发任务）。除了默认的网络激活，走神与执行网络的招聘，一个发现预测的行为理论的任务外的思想及其与执行资源。最后，当受试者没有意识到自己的走神时，默认和执行网络区域的神经招募最强，这表明当缺乏元意识时，走神最明显。观察到的执行和默认网络区域的平行招募这两个大脑系统到目前为止一直被认为是对立的这表明走神可能会唤起一种独特的精神状态，这种状态可能会让原本对立的网络合作工作。这项研究揭示了与走神相关的神经募集的一些关键方面，强调了将主观自我报告与脑功能的在线测量相结合的价值，以促进我们对主观体验的神经现象学的理解。
Although mind wandering occupies a large proportion of our waking life, its neural basis and relation to ongoing behavior remain controversial. We report an fMRI study that used experience sampling to provide an online measure of mind wandering during a concurrent task. Analyses focused on the interval of time immediately preceding experience sampling probes demonstrate activation of default network regions during mind wandering, a finding consistent with theoretical accounts of default network functions. Activation in medial prefrontal default network regions was observed both in association with subjective self-reports of mind wandering and an independent behavioral measure (performance errors on the concurrent task). In addition to default network activation, mind wandering was associated with executive network recruitment, a finding predicted by behavioral theories of off-task thought and its relation to executive resources. Finally, neural recruitment in both default and executive network regions was strongest when subjects were unaware of their own mind wandering, suggesting that mind wandering is most pronounced when it lacks meta-awareness. The observed parallel recruitment of executive and default network regions-two brain systems that so far have been assumed to work in opposition-suggests that mind wandering may evoke a unique mental state that may allow otherwise opposing networks to work in cooperation. The ability of this study to reveal a number of crucial aspects of the neural recruitment associated with mind wandering underscores the value of combining subjective self-reports with online measures of brain function for advancing our understanding of the neurophenomenology of subjective experience.