Endogenous Nucleic Acid Recognition by RIG-I-Like Receptors and cGAS
Endogenous Nucleic Acid Recognition by RIG-I-Like Receptors and cGAS
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DOI：
10.1089/jir.2019.0015
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Gack, Michaela U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lee, Jung-Hyun;Chiang, Cindy;Gack, Michaela U.
哺乳动物宿主的先天免疫防御依赖于其检测入侵病原体的能力，然后直接消除它们或帮助引导适应性免疫反应。模式识别受体（PRR）对微生物DNA和RNA的识别是通过启动鸟嘌呤介导的先天免疫来检测病原体的关键。相反，这种病原体监视系统的干扰可导致异常的先天免疫激活，导致促炎性或自身免疫性疾病。在许多重要的PRR中，有视黄酸诱导基因-I（RIG-I）样受体（RLR）家族的蛋白质以及环GMP-AMP合酶（cGAS），它们分别检测宿主细胞内的病毒RNA和DNA。有趣的是，最近的证据表明，“未掩蔽的”、错误加工或错误定位的宿主来源的RNA或DNA分子也可以被RLR或cGAS识别，从而触发抗病毒宿主防御或引起炎症。在这里，我们回顾了内源性核酸识别RLRs和cGAS在病毒感染和全身性促炎性/自身免疫性疾病的最新进展。
The innate immune defense of mammalian hosts relies on its capacity to detect invading pathogens and then directly eliminate them or help guide adaptive immune responses. Recognition of microbial DNA and RNA by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is central to the detection of pathogens by initiating cytokine-mediated innate immunity. In contrast, disturbance of this pathogen surveillance system can result in aberrant innate immune activation, leading to proinflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Among the many important PRRs are proteins of the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) family as well as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which detect viral RNA and DNA, respectively, within the host cell. Intriguingly, recent evidence has shown that "unmasked," misprocessed, or mislocalized host-derived RNA or DNA molecules can also be recognized by RLRs or cGAS, thereby triggering antiviral host defenses or causing inflammation. Here, we review recent advances of endogenous nucleic acid recognition by RLRs and cGAS during viral infection and systemic proinflammatory/autoimmune disorders.