EVOLUTION OF BODY-SIZE - CONSEQUENCES OF AN ENERGETIC DEFINITION OF FITNESS
EVOLUTION OF BODY-SIZE - CONSEQUENCES OF AN ENERGETIC DEFINITION OF FITNESS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1086/285558
复制
发表时间：
1993-10-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
TAPER, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BROWN, JH;MARQUET, PA;TAPER, ML
我们开发了一个通用模型的身体大小对健身的影响。我们将适应度定义为繁殖力，即能量转化为后代的速率。生殖能力被假定为受两步过程的限制：首先，从环境中获取能量的速率，其与身体质量的异速生长比例约为0.75次幂，然后是能量转化为后代的速率，其与质量的比例约为-0.25次幂。该模型预测：（1）在从细菌到哺乳动物的各种生物体中观察到的物种之间体型的频率分布的独特的右偏形状;（2）特定分类群的最佳体型，哺乳动物的最佳体型约为100 g，并得到岛屿上哺乳动物体型数据的支持;（3）在每个分类群中，生活史与生态学特征如寿命、窝卵数、巢域大小和种群密度之间的关系将改变最佳大小两侧的斜率和符号。一个充满活力的适应度定义有可能统一生态学和进化生物学领域，这些领域以前使用基于不同货币的模型。
We develop a general model for the effect of body size on fitness. We define fitness as reproductive power, the rate of conversion of energy into offspring. Reproductive power is assumed to be limited by a two-step process: first, the rate of acquisition of energy from the environment, which scales allometrically as body mass raised to approximately the 0.75 power, and then the rate of conversion of energy into offspring, which scales as mass to approximately the -0.25 power. The model predicts (1) the distinctive right-skewed shape of the frequency distribution of logarithms of body sizes among species that is observed in a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals; (2) a taxon-specific optimal body size, which for mammals is approximately 100 g and is supported by data on the body sizes of mammals on islands; and (3) that in each taxon the relationships between such life-history and ecological characteristics as longevity, clutch size, home range size, and population density will change both slope and sign on either side of the optimal size. An energetic definition of fitness has the potential to unify areas of ecology and evolutionary biology that have previously used models based on different currencies.