Mantle convection models featuring plate tectonic behavior: An overview of methods and progress
Mantle convection models featuring plate tectonic behavior: An overview of methods and progress
复制标题
以板块构造行为为特征的地幔对流模型：方法与进展概述
DOI：
10.1016/j.tecto.2011.04.015
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
J. Lowman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Lowman
可以说，板块构造型地表运动持续数亿年是地幔对流模型必须具备的主要特征，这样才能被认为是类地的。从早期的地幔动力学建模开始，研究一直致力于理解地幔对流如何产生板块构造的一阶观测，以及板块和深部地幔如何相互作用。关于板块对地幔影响的初步研究认识到，强加的板块尺度表面运动能够影响全球温度和热通量，并组织对流平台。后来对具有动态确定速度的模型板块的研究发现，对流和板块之间的相互作用可能导致板块的循环运动模式和其他与时间相关的行为，这些行为在没有动态板块的系统中没有表现出来。关注系统真实感的不同方面（关于陆地地幔对流）已经产生了多种模拟动态集成板块对流的方法。从广义上讲，两种主要方法可分为流变建模方法和利用不断变化的表面边界条件的方法。在过去的十几年里，围绕前一种方法的研究在对流动力学模拟板块构造自生方面取得了稳步进展。不断的进展令人鼓舞，关于获得类板块表面运动的基本要素的必要条件的共识正在开始形成。然而，尽管取得了重大进展，在很长一段时间内板块的产生还没有被模拟成类似地球的对流活力。相比之下，利用动态确定的边界条件来实现类板块表面运动的模式在模拟陆地对流活力或数十亿年的模拟方面相对没有什么困难。相反，它们的弱点更为根本；它们只能在假定板块存在的情况下提供对地幔和板块往复动力学的深入了解，而且它们无法对板块起源动力学的任何方面进行建模。本文简要回顾了以板块为特征的地幔对流模型的演变，并考察了流变和边界条件建模方法在理解地幔和板块构造之间的反馈方面所取得的进展。共同的发现，最近的进展和未解决的问题被确定和讨论。
Arguably, the presence of plate-tectonic-type surface motion for periods that endure over hundreds of millions of years is the primary feature a mantle convection model must possess in order to be considered Earth-like. From the early days of mantle dynamics modeling, research has been dedicated to understanding how mantle convection produces the first order observations of plate tectonics as well as how the plates and deep mantle interact. Fledgling studies of the effect of plates on the mantle recognized the ability of imposed plate-scale surface motion to influence global temperatures and heat flux and organize convective planform. Later studies featuring model plates with dynamically determined velocities discovered that the interaction between convection and the plates could result in cyclic plate motion patterns and other time-dependent behavior that was not manifested in systems in which dynamic plates were absent. Focussing on different aspects of system realism (with respect to terrestrial mantle convection) has spawned multiple approaches for modeling convection with dynamic integrated plates. In broadest terms, the two main approaches can be categorized as rheological modeling methods and methods utilizing evolving surface boundary conditions. Over the past dozen years, studies focussing on the former approach have steadily made progress in modeling the self-generation of plate tectonics from convection dynamics. Continual advances have been encouraging, and a consensus is beginning to form regarding the necessary requirements for obtaining the primary elements of plate-like surface motion. However, despite significant progress, the generation of plates over long periods has not yet been modeled with Earth-like convective vigor. In contrast, models utilizing dynamically determined boundary conditions to achieve plate-like surface motion have relatively little difficulty with emulating terrestrial convective vigor or simulations of billions of years. Instead, their weakness is more fundamental; they can only provide insight into the reciprocating dynamics of the mantle and plates once the existence of the plates is assumed and they cannot model any aspects of the dynamics responsible for the origin of the plates. This paper briefly reviews the evolution of mantle convection models featuring plates and examines the progress that has been made in our understanding of the feedback between the mantle and plate tectonics through the use of both rheological and boundary condition modeling methods. Common findings, recent advances and unbridged problems are identified and discussed.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Brandenburg, J. P.;Hauri, Erik H.;Ballentine, Chris J.
通讯作者：
Ballentine, Chris J.