The environmental genomics of metazoan thermal adaptation.
The environmental genomics of metazoan thermal adaptation.
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DOI：
10.1038/hdy.2014.119
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发表时间：
2015-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Snook RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Porcelli D;Butlin RK;Gaston KJ;Joly D;Snook RR
热环境的持续和加速变化使得了解生物将如何应对变得更加重要。“移动、适应或死亡”的范式，即生物体对环境压力作出反应的方式，激发了预测生物多样性未来的强烈努力。假设灭绝是一个令人不快的结果，研究人员将注意力集中在生物如何改变它们的分布以保持在相同的热条件下，或者通过适应不断变化的热环境来保持在同一个地方。这些结果的可能性有多大取决于一个基本进化问题的答案，即哪些基因变化支撑了对热环境的适应。下一代测序（NGS）技术的普及和成本的降低为理解热适应提供了急需的工具，该技术可应用于模型和非模型系统。在这里，我们广泛地考虑了非NGS研究中关于热适应的已知内容，然后讨论了不同NGS方法的好处和挑战，以增加这一知识库。然后，我们回顾了已发表的关于后生动物热适应的NGS基因组学和转录组学研究，并将这些结果与之前的非NGS模式进行了比较。最后，我们总结了遗传反应的新模式，并讨论了使用这些日益常见的技术的未来方向。
Continued and accelerating change in the thermal environment places an ever-greater priority on understanding how organisms are going to respond. The paradigm of ‘move, adapt or die', regarding ways in which organisms can respond to environmental stressors, stimulates intense efforts to predict the future of biodiversity. Assuming that extinction is an unpalatable outcome, researchers have focussed attention on how organisms can shift in their distribution to stay in the same thermal conditions or can stay in the same place by adapting to a changing thermal environment. How likely these respective outcomes might be depends on the answer to a fundamental evolutionary question, namely what genetic changes underpin adaptation to the thermal environment. The increasing access to and decreasing costs of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, which can be applied to both model and non-model systems, provide a much-needed tool for understanding thermal adaptation. Here we consider broadly what is already known from non-NGS studies about thermal adaptation, then discuss the benefits and challenges of different NGS methodologies to add to this knowledge base. We then review published NGS genomics and transcriptomics studies of thermal adaptation to heat stress in metazoans and compare these results with previous non-NGS patterns. We conclude by summarising emerging patterns of genetic response and discussing future directions using these increasingly common techniques.