Age Differences in Memory for Meaningful and Arbitrary Associations: A Memory Retrieval Account
Age Differences in Memory for Meaningful and Arbitrary Associations: A Memory Retrieval Account
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DOI：
10.1037/pag0000220
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hasher, Lynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amer, Tarek;Giovanello, Kelly S.;Hasher, Lynn
相对于年轻人，老年人通常表现出较差的联想记忆表现。然而，这种与年龄有关的影响是由所用材料的意义所介导的，因此，使用与先前知识一致的信息可以最大限度地减少年龄差异。虽然这种效应被解释为通过图式支持促进学习，但记忆提取对这种效应的作用还有待探讨。使用的联想记忆范式，不同程度的控制检索以前研究的有意义的或任意的协会，老年人和年轻人在本研究中检索现实和不现实的食品杂货价格在一个快速的，或在一个缓慢的，更控制为基础的检索条件。在这两种情况下，对现实（有意义）价格的记忆没有年龄差异;然而，在控制检索条件下，年轻人对不现实价格的记忆比老年人好。这些结果表明，年龄差异的记忆任意协会可以，至少部分地，是由年龄减少的战略，控制检索。
Older adults typically show poor associative memory performance relative to younger adults. This age-related effect, however, is mediated by the meaningfulness of the materials used, such that age differences are minimized with the use of information that is consistent with prior knowledge. While this effect has been interpreted as facilitative learning through schematic support, the role of memory retrieval on this effect has yet to be explored. Using an associative memory paradigm that varied the extent of controlled retrieval for previously studied meaningful or arbitrary associations, older and younger adults in the present study retrieved realistic and unrealistic grocery item prices in a speeded, or in a slow, more control-based retrieval condition. There were no age differences in memory for realistic (meaningful) prices in either condition; however, younger adults showed better memory than older adults for unrealistic prices in the controlled retrieval condition only. These results suggest that age differences in memory for arbitrary associations can, at least partly, be accounted for by age reductions in strategic, controlled retrieval.