Gene discovery in cereals through quantitative trait loci and expression analysis in water-use efficiency measured by carbon isotope discrimination
Gene discovery in cereals through quantitative trait loci and expression analysis in water-use efficiency measured by carbon isotope discrimination
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02397.x
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Anyia, Anthony O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Jing;Chang, Scott X.;Anyia, Anthony O.
干旱仍然是许多地区谷物生产的主要制约因素，在未来气候变化的情况下，大多数干旱和半干旱地区的干旱频率可能会增加。大量的研究和育种工作致力于调查作物对各级干旱的反应，并培育抗旱基因型。植物生理学为在干旱环境中提高产量提供了新的见解。可以通过提高用水量、水分利用效率（WUE）和收获指数来提高作物性能。通过光合作用和蒸腾作用的协调，可以获得更高的WUE。碳同位素鉴别（？13 C）是一种简单而可靠的WUE测量方法，并利用它们之间的负相关性间接估算了特定环境下的WUE。新的工具，如数量性状位点（QTL）定位和基因表达谱分析，在解剖抗旱相关性状发挥着重要作用。基因表达和关联作图的结合可以帮助鉴定感兴趣QTL的候选基因，并补充基于图位的克隆和标记辅助选择。最终，可以通过基因工程生产出改良的品种。未来在目标干旱环境下的谷物高效和有效的育种进展将来自生理学和基因组学的综合知识。
Drought continues to be a major constraint on cereal production in many areas, and the frequency of drought is likely to increase in most arid and semi-arid regions under future climate change scenarios. Considerable research and breeding efforts have been devoted to investigating crop responses to drought at various levels and producing drought-resistant genotypes. Plant physiology has provided new insights to yield improvement in drought-prone environments. Crop performance could be improved through increases in water use, water-use efficiency (WUE) and harvest index. Greater WUE can be achieved by coordination between photosynthesis and transpiration. Carbon isotope discrimination (?13C) has been demonstrated to be a simple but reliable measure of WUE, and negative correlation between them has been used to indirectly estimate WUE under selected environments. New tools, such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and gene expression profiling, are playing vital roles in dissecting drought resistance-related traits. The combination of gene expression and association mapping could help identify candidate genes underlying the QTL of interest and complement map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection. Eventually, improved cultivars can be produced through genetic engineering. Future efficient and effective breeding progress in cereals under targeted drought environments will come from the integrated knowledge of physiology and genomics.