Characteristics and toxicant emissions of JUUL electronic cigarettes
Characteristics and toxicant emissions of JUUL electronic cigarettes
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054616
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Shihadeh, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Talih, Soha;Salman, Rola;Shihadeh, Alan
简介JUUL是一款外形紧凑的电子烟(ECIG)。它预先装满了一种液体，广告上说这种液体含有高浓度的尼古丁盐。JUUL拥有美国ECIG 50%的市场份额，它在未成年用户中的广泛流行引发了美国FDA前所未有的行动。除了它含有尼古丁盐的液体和紧凑的形式外，一个显著的广告设计特点是一个控制电路，可以限制加热线圈的温度，想必可以减少有害的有毒物质。在这项研究中，对几种烟草味JUUL装置进行了逆向工程，并对它们的气溶胶排放进行了研究。方法用气相色谱(GC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定总尼古丁及其分配(游离碱和质子化尼古丁)、丙二醇/植物甘油(PG/VG)和羰基的含量。通过将线圈浸入其中的温控浴，研究了JUUL的温度控制功能。结果液体尼古丁浓度为69 mg/m L，液体与气雾剂PG/VG比值为30/70。在15次喷雾中，Juul释放出2.05(0.08)mg尼古丁，其中绝大多数是质子化形式的尼古丁。羰基产率显著低于可燃香烟的报道，但与其他封闭系统ECIG装置相似。加热线圈的电阻为1.6(0.66)欧姆，而JUUL器件提供的最大功率为8.1W。控制电路将峰值工作温度限制在大约215℃。结论JUUL主要以质子化形式释放高浓度尼古丁气雾剂。JUUL的尼古丁归一化甲醛和总醛的产量低于之前研究的其他ECIG和可燃香烟。
Introduction JUUL is an electronic cigarette (ECIG) with a compact form factor. It is prefilled with a liquid that is advertised to contain a high concentration of nicotine salt. JUUL commands 50% of the US ECIG market share, and its wide popularity with underage users has triggered unprecedented actions by the US FDA. Apart from its nicotine salt-containing liquid and compact form, a salient advertised design feature is a control circuit that limits the heating coil temperature, presumably reducing unwanted toxicants. In this study, several tobacco-flavoured JUUL devices were reverse engineered, and their aerosol emissions were studied. Methods Total nicotine and its partitioning (freebase and protonated), propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG) ratio, and carbonyls were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The temperature control functionality of JUUL was investigated using a temperature-controlled bath in which the coil was submerged. Results The liquid nicotine concentration was found to be 69 mg/mL, and the liquid and aerosol PG/VG ratio was found to be 30/70. In 15 puffs, JUUL emitted 2.05 (0.08) mg of nicotine, overwhelmingly in the protonated form. Carbonyl yields were significantly lower than those reported for combustible cigarettes, but similar to other closed-system ECIG devices. The heating coil resistance was 1.6 (0.66) Ohm, while the maximum power delivered by the JUUL device was 8.1 W. The control circuit limited the peak operating temperature to approximately 215C. Conclusions JUUL emits a high-nicotine concentration aerosol predominantly in the protonated form. JUUL's nicotine-normalised formaldehyde and total aldehyde yields are lower than other previously studied ECIGs and combustible cigarettes.