Arrests of and Forced Interventions on Pregnant Women in the United States, 1973-2005: Implications for Women's Legal Status and Public Health
Arrests of and Forced Interventions on Pregnant Women in the United States, 1973-2005: Implications for Women's Legal Status and Public Health
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DOI：
10.1215/03616878-1966324
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Flavin, Jeanne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paltrow, Lynn M.;Flavin, Jeanne
2011年11月，密西西比州的公民投票否决了第26号提案，这是一项“人格”措施，旨在为受精卵、胚胎和胎儿建立单独的宪法权利。这一提议提出了一个问题，即这些措施是否可被用作通过逮捕或强迫医疗干预剥夺孕妇自由的依据。在过去四十年中，出版了一些关于逮捕孕妇和对孕妇进行强制干预的特定子集的描述。然而，这类案件从未得到系统的查明和记录，也没有全面审查剥夺自由的依据。在这篇文章中，我们报告了1973年至2005年的413起案件，其中妇女怀孕是导致企图和实际剥夺妇女人身自由的必要因素。首先，我们描述了案件和妇女的主要特征，包括社会经济地位和种族。其次，我们调查了为证明逮捕、拘留和强制干预的正当性而提出的法律的主张。第三，我们探讨了卫生保健提供者所发挥的作用。最后，我们讨论了我们的研究结果的影响和人格措施对孕妇的自由和孕产妇，胎儿和儿童健康的可能影响。
In November 2011, the citizens of Mississippi voted down Proposition 26, a "personhood" measure that sought to establish separate constitutional rights for fertilized eggs, embryos, and fetuses. This proposition raised the question of whether such measures could be used as the basis for depriving pregnant-women of their liberty through arrests or forced medical interventions. Over the past four decades, descriptions of selected subsets of arrests and forced interventions on pregnant women have been published. Such cases, however, have never been systematically identified and documented, nor has the basis for the deprivations of liberty been comprehensively examined. In this article we report on 413 cases from 1973 to 2005 in which a woman's pregnancy was a necessary factor leading to attempted and actual deprivations of a woman's physical liberty. First, we describe key characteristics of the cases and the women, including socioeconomic status and race. Second, we investigate the legal claims made to justify the arrests, detentions, and forced interventions. Third, we explore the role played by health care providers. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings and the likely impact of personhood measures on pregnant women's liberty and on maternal, fetal, and child health.