Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neural Crest Cells in Craniofacial Skeletal Research.
Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neural Crest Cells in Craniofacial Skeletal Research.
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DOI：
10.1155/2016/2849879
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Nakagawa T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morikawa S;Ouchi T;Shibata S;Fujimura T;Kawana H;Okano H;Nakagawa T
颅面骨骼组织由牙齿、骨骼、神经和血管组成。这种复合材料主要来源于神经嵴细胞（NCC）。神经嵴是在神经管形成期间存在的短暂胚胎组织，其细胞具有高的迁移和分化潜力。因此，NCC是颅面组织再生的有希望的候选者;然而，NCC的临床应用受到其有限的可及性的阻碍。相比之下，间充质干细胞（MSC）在成人中很容易获得，具有类似的自我更新潜力，并且可以分化为骨骼组织，包括骨骼和软骨。因此，MSC可能是临床使用的干细胞的良好来源。MSC通常在贴壁培养条件下鉴定，导致与其他细胞谱系的污染。先前的研究已经使用细胞表面标记物鉴定了小鼠和人类特异性MSC亚群。此外，一些研究表明，MSC的一个子集与神经嵴衍生物和内皮细胞密切相关。从发育命运的角度来看，这些MSCs可能是颅面组织再生的有希望的候选者。在这里，我们回顾了在颅面研究中的MSC的基本生物学。
Craniofacial skeletal tissues are composed of tooth and bone, together with nerves and blood vessels. This composite material is mainly derived from neural crest cells (NCCs). The neural crest is transient embryonic tissue present during neural tube formation whose cells have high potential for migration and differentiation. Thus, NCCs are promising candidates for craniofacial tissue regeneration; however, the clinical application of NCCs is hindered by their limited accessibility. In contrast, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are easily accessible in adults, have similar potential for self-renewal, and can differentiate into skeletal tissues, including bones and cartilage. Therefore, MSCs may represent good sources of stem cells for clinical use. MSCs are classically identified under adherent culture conditions, leading to contamination with other cell lineages. Previous studies have identified mouse- and human-specific MSC subsets using cell surface markers. Additionally, some studies have shown that a subset of MSCs is closely related to neural crest derivatives and endothelial cells. These MSCs may be promising candidates for regeneration of craniofacial tissues from the perspective of developmental fate. Here, we review the fundamental biology of MSCs in craniofacial research.