Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Early Cancer Diagnosis Using Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy.
Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Early Cancer Diagnosis Using Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy.
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作者：
Huang Q;Wang Y;Chen X;Wang Y;Li Z;Du S;Wang L;Chen S
循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）是从原发性肿瘤脱落并在血流中循环的癌细胞。作为“肿瘤液体活检”的一种形式，CTC为癌症转移的机制研究以及治疗和疾病进展期间肿瘤基因型演变的测量提供了重要信息。然而，外周血中CTC的极低丰度和CTC的异质性使得它们的分离和表征成为主要的技术挑战。最近，已经开发了用于灵敏的CTC检测的纳米技术;这些技术将使更好的细胞和分子表征成为可能，并开辟了广泛的临床应用，包括早期疾病检测和治疗反应和疾病进展的评估。在这篇综述中，我们总结了基于纳米技术的CTC分离策略，包括代表性的纳米材料（如磁性纳米颗粒、金纳米颗粒、硅纳米柱、纳米线、纳米柱、碳纳米管、树枝状聚合物、量子点和氧化石墨烯）和微流控芯片技术，这些技术结合了纳米粗糙化表面，并讨论了它们在CTC下游分析中的关键挑战和前景，例如蛋白质表达和基因突变，其可以反映肿瘤侵袭性和患者结果。
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. As a form of “tumor liquid biopsy”, CTCs provide important information for the mechanistic investigation of cancer metastasis and the measurement of tumor genotype evolution during treatment and disease progression. However, the extremely low abundance of CTCs in the peripheral blood and the heterogeneity of CTCs make their isolation and characterization major technological challenges. Recently, nanotechnologies have been developed for sensitive CTC detection; such technologies will enable better cell and molecular characterization and open up a wide range of clinical applications, including early disease detection and evaluation of treatment response and disease progression. In this review, we summarize the nanotechnology-based strategies for CTC isolation, including representative nanomaterials (such as magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silicon nanopillars, nanowires, nanopillars, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and graphene oxide) and microfluidic chip technologies that incorporate nanoroughened surfaces and discuss their key challenges and perspectives in CTC downstream analyses, such as protein expression and genetic mutations that may reflect tumor aggressiveness and patient outcome.