Vaccine development and diagnostics of Dictyocaulus viviparus
Vaccine development and diagnostics of Dictyocaulus viviparus
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182099005727
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
McKeand, JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McKeand, JB
寄生性支气管炎是牛的一种严重疾病，由线虫胎生网尾线虫引起。 30 多年来，一直使用辐射减毒幼虫疫苗来预防这种疾病。这种疫苗在英国和西欧部分地区的使用取得了相当大的成功，但它有一些缺点。它的保质期很短，而且必须每年生产疫苗，因此需要使用捐赠的小牛。接种疫苗后，犊牛必须从自然挑战中获得进一步的增强，以维持保护性免疫力。自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，辐照幼虫疫苗的销量急剧下降。这被认为是由于农民越来越依赖驱虫程序来控制肺蠕虫感染。在某些情况下，这些计划可能不允许足够的寄生虫暴露来刺激保护性免疫力以应对进一步的网尾挑战。最近有记录的英国寄生虫性支气管炎爆发数量的增加证明了这一点。能够刺激更长时间的免疫力的针对胎生 D. viviparus 的稳定疫苗将是有益的。最近的研究旨在鉴定和分离被认为与宿主体内寄生虫存活有关的成分，并检查它们作为候选疫苗的潜力。其中一种成分是乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)，这是一种由成虫分泌的酶。这篇综述描述了分泌型乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE) 作为候选疫苗的发展，并记录了胎生 D. viviparus 免疫诊断的最新进展。
Parasitic bronchitis is a serious disease of cattle and is caused by the nematode, Dictyocaulus viviparus. For over 30 years, a radiation-attenuated larval vaccine has been used for prevention of this disease. This vaccine has been used with considerable success in the UK and parts of Western Europe, however, it has several disadvantages. It has a short shelf-life and the vaccine has to be produced annually necessitating the use of donor calves. Following vaccination, calves must receive further boosting from natural challenge to maintain protective immunity. Sales of the irradiated larval vaccine have decreased dramatically since the 1970s. This is thought to be due to increased reliance of farmers on anthelmintic programmes to control lungworm infection. It is possible that, under certain circumstances, these programmes do not allow sufficient parasite exposure to stimulate protective immunity to further Dictyocaulus challenge. This is borne out by the recent documented increase in the number of outbreaks of parasitic bronchitis in the UK. A stable vaccine against D. viviparus that is capable of stimulating a more prolonged immunity would be beneficial. Recent research has been directed at identification and isolation of components thought to be involved in parasite survival in the host and examination of their potential as vaccine candidates. One of these components is acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme secreted by adult worms. This review describes the development of the secreted AChE as a vaccine candidate, as well as documenting recent developments in the immunodiagnosis of D. viviparus.