The conceptual structure of face impressions
The conceptual structure of face impressions
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1807222115
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发表时间：
2018-09-11
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Freeman, Jonathan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stolier, Ryan M.;Hehman, Eric;Freeman, Jonathan B.
人类可以从他人的面部外表无缝地推断出广泛的人格特征。这些面部印象在一个被称为“面部特征空间”的结构中高度相关。“研究已经广泛地记录了面部印象背后的面部特征，从而概述了面部印象的自下而上的固定架构，这无法解释印象在感知者之间的重要变化方式。印象形成的经典理论强调，感知者使用他们关于人格特质如何相关的非专业概念信念来形成最初的特质印象，例如，目标的可信度可能会在人们认为这两个特质相关的程度上影响他们的智力印象。考虑到这一点，我们探索的可能性，这奠定了“概念特质空间”-感知者如何相信人格特质在他人中的相关性-在面部印象中发挥作用，将面部印象彼此联系起来，从而塑造面部特质空间。在研究1中，我们发现，概念和面孔特质空间解释相当大的差异在对方。在研究2中，我们发现，在两个特征之间具有较强概念关联的参与者在面部判断这些特征时更相似。重要的是，使用面部图像分类任务，我们在研究3中发现，两个特征之间具有较强概念关联的参与者使用更相似的面部特征来制作这两个面部特征印象。总之，这些研究结果表明，人格特质如何相互关联的外行信念可能是特质印象的基础，从而面对特质空间。这意味着面部印象不仅来自自下而上的面部特征，而且还受到我们的概念信念的影响。
Humans seamlessly infer the expanse of personality traits from others' facial appearance. These facial impressions are highly intercorrelated within a structure known as "face trait space." Research has extensively documented the facial features that underlie face impressions, thus outlining a bottom-up fixed architecture of face impressions, which cannot account for important ways impressions vary across perceivers. Classic theory in impression formation emphasized that perceivers use their lay conceptual beliefs about how personality traits correlate to form initial trait impressions, for instance, where trustworthiness of a target may inform impressions of their intelligence to the extent one believes the two traits are related. This considered, we explore the possibility that this lay "conceptual trait space"-how perceivers believe personality traits correlate in others-plays a role in face impressions, tethering face impressions to one another, thus shaping face trait space. In study 1, we found that conceptual and face trait space explain considerable variance in each other. In study 2, we found that participants with stronger conceptual associations between two traits judged those traits more similarly in faces. Importantly, using a face image classification task, we found in study 3 that participants with stronger conceptual associations between two traits used more similar facial features to make those two face trait impressions. Together, these findings suggest lay beliefs of how personality traits correlate may underlie trait impressions, and thus face trait space. This implies face impressions are not only derived bottom up from facial features, but also shaped by our conceptual beliefs.