Morphometrics of the Entire Human Spinal Cord and Spinal Canal Measured From In Vivo High-Resolution Anatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Morphometrics of the Entire Human Spinal Cord and Spinal Canal Measured From In Vivo High-Resolution Anatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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DOI：
10.1097/brs.0000000000000125
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发表时间：
2014-02-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Callot, Virginie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fradet, Leo;Arnoux, Pierre-Jean;Callot, Virginie
研究设计.基于在体磁共振成像和形态学"不变量"研究的颈椎和胸腰椎人体脊髓几何结构测量。"客观。目前的工作旨在提供完整的人体正常SC在体内的形态学特征，并在调查可能的“不变”参数，可作为规范的数据SC injuries.Summary的个性化研究背景资料。很少有基于体内磁共振成像的研究描述了颈部水平的人类SC形态，对整个SC的类似描述仅依赖于尸检研究，这可能容易出现萎缩偏倚。此外，大的个体间变异目前限制了形态学指标作为临床应用的参考或作为建模输入的使用。在健康年轻（N = 15）和老年（N = 8）志愿者中，使用在3 T下采集的高分辨率体内T2 * 加权横断图像的半自动分割，在每个SC水平测量SC的绝对度量（横径和前后径、前角和后角宽度、SC横截面积和白色物质百分比）。使用统计分析（单独方差分析，Tukey-HSD，Bland-Altman）研究了测量的稳健性、受试者、年龄或性别的影响以及与先前发表的尸检数据的比较。使用留一法分析将归一化至C3的参数作为不变量进行评价。测量椎管参数，确定椎管占位率边界值。SC形态的变异表现出较大的个体内和个体间变异，平均分别高达30%和13%。性别对后角宽度无显著影响（P> 0.05），对后角宽度无显著影响（P> 0.01）。观察到前后径和白色物质百分比的尸检相关差异（P <0.05），所有尸检指标均显著低于体内值（P <0.001）。在体标准化SC面积和直径似乎是不变的（R2> 0.74，均方根偏差<10%）。最后，最小和最大占用率分别为0.2和0.6。这项研究提出了完整的在体内人类SC的形态特征。已确定与年龄和死后状态的显着差异。还确定了可用于准确计算正常预期形态的形态学"不变量"。这些观察结果应有利于生物力学和SC病理学研究。
Study Design. Measurements of cervical and thoracolumbar human spinal cord (SC) geometry based on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and investigation of morphological "invariants."Objective. The current work aims at providing morphological features of the complete in vivo human normal SC and at investigating possible "invariant"parameters that may serve as normative data for individualized study of SC injuries.Summary of Background Data. Few in vivo magnetic resonance image-based studies have described human SC morphology at the cervical level, and similar description of the entire SC only relies on postmortem studies, which may be prone to atrophy biases. Moreover, large interindividual variations currently limit the use of morphological metrics as reference for clinical applications or as modeling inputs.Methods. Absolute metrics of SC (transverse and anteroposterior diameters, width of anterior and posterior horns, cross-sectional SC area, and white matter percentage) were measured using semiautomatic segmentation of high resolution in vivo T2*-weighted transverse images acquired at 3 T, at each SC level, on healthy young (N = 15) and older (N = 8) volunteers. Robustness of measurements, effects of subject, age, or sex, as well as comparison with previously published postmortem data were investigated using statistical analyses (separate analysis of variance, Tukey-HSD, Bland-Altman). Normalized-to-C3 parameters were evaluated as invariants using a leave-one-out analysis. Spinal canal parameters were measured and occupation ratio border values were determined.Results. Metrics of SC morphology showed large intra-and interindividual variations, up to 30% and 13%, respectively, on average. Sex had no influence except on posterior horn width (P < 0.01). Age-related differences were observed for anteroposterior diameter and white matter percentage (P < 0.05) and all postmortem metrics were significantly lower than in vivo values (P < 0.001). In vivo normalized SC area and diameters seemed to be invariants (R 2 > 0.74, root-mean-square deviation < 10%). Finally, minimal and maximal occupation ratio were 0.2 and 0.6, respectively.Conclusion. This study presented morphological characteristics of the complete in vivo human SC. Significant differences linked to age and postmortem state have been identified. Morphological "invariants"that could be used to calculate the normally expected morphology accurately, were also identified. These observations should benefit to biomechanical and SC pathology studies.