Development of the auditory system.
Development of the auditory system.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-62630-1.00003-2
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Litovsky R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Litovsky R
听觉发育涉及听觉通路上周围和中枢神经系统的变化，这些变化是自然发生的，并对刺激做出反应。人类的发展沿着可持续数十年的轨迹发生，并使用行为心理物理学以及神经成像的生理测量进行研究。听觉系统构建了一个感知空间，从物体和群体中获取信息，分离声音，并提供意义和对语言等交流工具的访问。听觉信号在从外周到中枢的一系列分析阶段进行处理。人们已经研究了声音特征的信息编码，包括安静和有掩蔽的情况下的频率、强度、响度和位置。在后一种情况下，听觉系统执行场景分析的能力变得高度相关。虽然一些基本能力在出生时就已发育良好，但听觉发育的成熟期明显要持续到青少年时期。成熟涉及听觉通路。然而，非听觉变化（注意力、记忆、认知）在听觉发展中起着重要作用。听觉系统适应新刺激的能力是整个神经系统发育的一个关键特征，称为神经可塑性。
Auditory development involves changes in the peripheral and central nervous system along the auditory pathways, and these occur naturally, and in response to stimulation. Human development occurs along a trajectory that can last decades, and is studied using behavioral psychophysics, as well as physiologic measurements with neural imaging. The auditory system constructs a perceptual space that takes information from objects and groups, segregates sounds, and provides meaning and access to communication tools such as language. Auditory signals are processed in a series of analysis stages, from peripheral to central. Coding of information has been studied for features of sound, including frequency, intensity, loudness, and location, in quiet and in the presence of maskers. In the latter case, the ability of the auditory system to perform an analysis of the scene becomes highly relevant. While some basic abilities are well developed at birth, there is a clear prolonged maturation of auditory development well into the teenage years. Maturation involves auditory pathways. However, non-auditory changes (attention, memory, cognition) play an important role in auditory development. The ability of the auditory system to adapt in response to novel stimuli is a key feature of development throughout the nervous system, known as neural plasticity.