Conservation Beyond Park Boundaries: The Impact of Buffer Zones on Deforestation and Mining Concessions in the Peruvian Amazon
Conservation Beyond Park Boundaries: The Impact of Buffer Zones on Deforestation and Mining Concessions in the Peruvian Amazon
复制标题
公园边界之外的保护：缓冲区对秘鲁亚马逊森林砍伐和采矿特许权的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s00267-016-0709-z
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
L. Naughton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Weisse;L. Naughton
许多研究人员都测试了保护区是否可以拯救热带森林，但通常关注具有国际公认地位和明确目标的公园和保护区、管理单位。由于规则模糊且地位往往非正式，缓冲区受到的关注要少得多。尽管缓冲区常常被认为无效而被忽视，但考虑到景观层面的保护方法的必要性及其在世界各地的普遍性，缓冲区值得关注——在秘鲁，缓冲区覆盖了该国超过 10% 的面积。本研究探讨了秘鲁亚马逊地区缓冲区在（a）防止森林砍伐和（b）限制采矿特许范围方面的有效性。我们采用协变量匹配来确定 2007 年至 2012 年 13 个缓冲区对森林砍伐和采矿特许权的影响。尽管地点之间存在差异，但这 13 个缓冲区在研究期间已防止其边界内约 320 平方公里的森林损失和约 1739 平方公里的采矿特许权，这一结果与在这些地区授予正式特许权的特别审批程序相关。然而，仔细观察坦博帕塔国家保护区周围的缓冲区就会发现控制非法和非正式活动的困难。根据对非政府组织员工、政府官员和社区领袖的采访，尽管以社区为基础的正式阻止非法采矿的努力正在增加，但由于机构责任不确定、预算不足和腐败，保护的执行受到限制。景观层面的保护不仅需要明确的法律协议来解决大规模、正式的采掘活动，而且还必须有打击非法活动的战略和协调。
Many researchers have tested whether protected areas save tropical forest, but generally focus on parks and reserves, management units that have internationally recognized standing and clear objectives. Buffer zones have received considerably less attention because of their ambiguous rules and often informal status. Although buffer zones are frequently dismissed as ineffective, they warrant attention given the need for landscape-level approaches to conservation and their prevalence around the world—in Peru, buffer zones cover >10 % of the country. This study examines the effectiveness of buffer zones in the Peruvian Amazon to (a) prevent deforestation and (b) limit the extent of mining concessions. We employ covariate matching to determine the impact of 13 buffer zones on deforestation and mining concessions from 2007 to 2012. Despite variation between sites, these 13 buffer zones have prevented ~320 km2 of forest loss within their borders during the study period and ~1739 km2 of mining concessions, an outcome associated with the special approval process for granting formal concessions in these areas. However, a closer look at the buffer zone around the Tambopata National Reserve reveals the difficulties of controlling illegal and informal activities. According to interviews with NGO employees, government officials, and community leaders, enforcement of conservation is limited by uncertain institutional responsibilities, inadequate budgets, and corruption, although formal and community-based efforts to block illicit mining are on the rise. Landscape-level conservation not only requires clear legal protocol for addressing large-scale, formal extractive activities, but there must also be strategies and coordination to combat illegal activities.