Adaptive Plasticity in Metabolic Rate and Organ Masses among Pycnonotus sinensis,in Seasonal Acclimatization
Adaptive Plasticity in Metabolic Rate and Organ Masses among Pycnonotus sinensis,in Seasonal Acclimatization
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
Zhang-Yan Guo
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作者：
Zhang-Yan Guo
维持能量平衡的必要性是影响小型鸟类数量和分布的主要因素之一，许多形态、生理和行为适应都与能量利用有关。基础代谢率（BMR）是指在没有热应激的情况下，休息、清醒和吸收后状态下能量转化的速率，是动物维持正常生理功能的最低代谢率。理论上，BMR的限值可能是由中枢器官（主要是内脏器官，如内脏器官）设定的。这些想法分别代表了“中枢限制假说”和“外周限制假说”。在这项研究中，我们测量了基础代谢率和器官质量的季节性变化，并评估了白鹎的基础代谢率和器官质量之间的关系。结果用于检验“能量需求”假说以调整代谢能量需求假说认为，鸟类会根据食物摄入量调整其内脏器官的大小，这是能量需求的相关性。冬季和秋季的鹎类表现出明显高于春季和夏季的鸟类的基础代谢率。冬季和秋季的鸟类也比春季和夏季的鸟类具有更高的肝脏、心脏、肌胃、小肠、肾脏、总消化道和肌肉。这些数据支持这样的假设：冬季基础代谢率的显着增加是中国白鹎冬季适应的一部分，并且新陈代谢的季节性变化鹎类的BMR与其他小型越冬鸟类的相似。同时，这些数据检验了中枢和外周器官与BMR具有显着正相关关系的假设。BMR与内脏器官之间的关系可能是由于能量需求增加或饮食季节性变化之一（或两者）造成的。
The necessity of maintaining energy balance is one of the major factors influencing the abundance and distribution of small birds,and many morphological,physiological and behavioral adaptations are related to energy utilization.Basal metabolic rate(BMR) is the rate of energy transformation in a rest,awake and postabsorptive state in the absence of thermal stress,and is the minimum metabolic rate of animals maintaining normally physiological function.Theoretically,BMR limits might be set by central organs(primarily visceral organs such as the pulmonary,cardiovascular,digestive or excretory systems) or by peripheral organs(primarily skeletal muscles) that support peripheral effectors.These ideas represent the 'central limitation hypothesis' and the 'peripheral limitation hypothesis,' respectively.In this study,we measured seasonal changes in BMR and organ mass,and evaluated the relationship between BMR,organ mass in Chinese Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis).The results were used to test the 'energy demand' hypothesis for adjustments in metabolic rate.The energy demand hypothesis supposed that birds adjust the size of their internal organs relative to food intake,a correlate of energy demand.Winter and autumn bulbuls demonstrated significantly higher BMR than their spring and summer counterparts.Winter and autumn birds also had higher liver,heart,gizzard,small intestine,kidneys,total digestive tract and muscle than spring and summer birds.These data support the hypothesis that prominent winter increases in BMR are components of winter acclimatization in Chinese Bulbuls and that seasonal changes in metabolism in bulbuls are similar to those for other small wintering birds.Meanwhile,these data test the hypothesis that central and peripheral organs have a significant positive relationship with BMR.The relationship between BMR and internal organs could be due to either(or both) increased energy demand or seasonal shifts in diet.