Orientation information in wayfinding instructions: evidences from human verbal and visual instructions
Orientation information in wayfinding instructions: evidences from human verbal and visual instructions
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DOI：
10.1007/s10708-016-9703-5
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Muenzer, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anacta, Vanessa Joy A.;Schwering, Angela;Muenzer, Stefan
虽然地标对于人类导航和定位的重要性已经被广泛接受，但今天的大多数导航系统几乎没有包含任何地标信息或支持定位的信息。与以往的研究不同，本研究提供的经验证据表明，人工生成的寻路指令不是单纯的逐个转弯，而是大多数指令都提供了方位信息。我们提出了一种新的分类方案，用于识别寻路指令中的信息，不仅支持定向，而且有利于心理地图的构建。我们探索并比较了两种表征形式--视觉示意图和口头指导。结果表明，地标信息在人类寻路指令中非常重要，尤其是路线沿线的局部地标和支持定向的全球地标。此外，草图包含的全球地标比口头说明更多。与逐个转弯导航相比，我们发现人类路线描述中的许多指令并不总是指转弯动作，而是指方向。我们对一组评分者进行了采访，询问他们认为在这两种表现形式中哪些信息是有用的。这些结果证实了我们的发现，并支持未来的路线描述可能更有意义和帮助，当它们被方向信息丰富时，因为它们符合人类如何构建路线指示。
Although the importance of landmarks for human navigation and for orientation is well accepted, most of today's navigation systems hardly incorporate any landmark information or information supporting orientation. Different from previous research that only addressed turn-by-turn instructions in verbal forms and landmarks at decision points, the present study provides empirical evidence that human-generated wayfinding instructions are not solely turn-by-turn but the majority of instructions provide orientation information. We propose a new classification scheme for identifying information in wayfinding instructions that will not only support orientation but also facilitate construction of mental map. We explored and compared two forms of representations-visual sketch map and verbal instructions. Results revealed that landmark information is important in human wayfinding instructions with particular importance of local landmarks along the route and global landmarks that support orientation. In addition, sketch maps contained more global landmarks than verbal instructions. In contrast to turn-by-turn navigation, we found that many instructions in human route descriptions do not always refer to turning actions but to orientation. We conducted interviews with a set of raters on what they consider helpful information in both forms of representations. These results confirmed our findings and supported that future route descriptions can be more meaningful and helpful when they are enriched with orientation information as they conform to how humans structure wayfinding instructions.