Mistletoes in a changing world: a premonition of a non-analog future?

Mistletoes in a changing world: a premonition of a non-analog future?
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不断变化的世界中的槲寄生:非模拟未来的预感?

DOI:
10.1139/cjb-2019-0195
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
1.1
通讯作者:
Fontúrbel F
Fontúrbel F
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fontúrbel F

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槲寄生是一组开花植物,通过复杂的生态进化过程发展出一种寄生生命形式。尽管被认为是一种有害生物,但槲寄生代表了一种关键的森林资源,并参与了复杂的植物-植物和植物-动物相互作用。它们的寄生生命形式和专门的生态相互作用使槲寄生成为了解人类干扰在不断变化的世界中的影响的理想模型。人口的加速增长改变了地球上的所有生态系统,导致生物多样性丧失。土地利用变化(包括栖息地丧失、破碎化、退化和转化过程)可以通过改变宿主、互利共生者和养分循环来改变槲寄生的生态情景。这些变化可能会在群落水平上产生重大影响,改变槲寄生的空间结构,以及相互作用的有效性,促进过程,相互作用中断,以及与入侵物种的新的相互作用,从长远来看,导致非模拟社区。此外,气候变化的影响在全球范围内发挥作用,加强了土地使用变化的影响。随着温度的升高,许多物种将改变其分布和物候,可能导致空间和时间的不匹配。但更关键的是,水资源压力可能会破坏关键的生态相互作用。因此,槲寄生可以提供有价值的见解,我们可以期待在未来,作为人类干扰的结果。
Mistletoes are a group of flowering plants that have developed a parasitic lifeform through complex eco-evolutionary processes. Despite being considered a pest, mistletoes represent a keystone forest resource and are involved in complex plant–plant and plant–animal interactions. Their parasitic lifeform and specialized ecological interactions make mistletoes an ideal model with which to understand the effects of anthropogenic disturbances in a changing world. The accelerated growth of the human population has altered all ecosystems on Earth, leading to biodiversity loss. Land-use changes (involving habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation, and transformation processes) can alter the ecological scenario for mistletoe by altering hosts, mutualists, and nutrient cycling. Those changes may have large consequences at the community level, changing the spatial structure of mistletoes, as well as interaction effectiveness, facilitation process, interaction disruption, and novel interactions with invasive species, leading to non-analog communities in the long run. Furthermore, climate change effects operate on a global scale, enhancing the effects of land-use changes. As temperatures increase, many species would alter their distribution and phenology, potentially causing spatial and temporal mismatches. But more critical is the fact that water stress is likely to disrupt key ecological interactions. Thus, mistletoes can provide valuable insights for what we can expect in the future, as a result of human disturbances.
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