Ebola Surveillance - Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone
Ebola Surveillance - Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.su6503a6
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发表时间：
2016-07-08
影响因子：
33.9
通讯作者：
Knust, Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McNamara, Lucy A.;Schafer, Ilana J.;Knust, Barbara
在突发公共卫生事件期间建立监测系统始终具有挑战性，但在公共卫生基础设施有限的国家尤其如此。在受埃博拉病毒影响严重的西非国家（几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂）监测埃博拉病毒病面临许多障碍，包括训练有素的工作人员人数不足、社区不愿报告病例和接触者、信息技术资源有限、电话和互联网服务有限以及感染者人数过多。通过疾病预防控制中心和许多合作伙伴的工作，包括各国卫生部、世界卫生组织和其他政府和非政府组织，在这些国家建立并维持了功能性埃博拉监测。疾病预防控制中心的工作人员积极参与实施基于病例的监测系统，维持病例监测和接触者追踪，并解释监测数据。除了帮助卫生部和其他合作伙伴了解和管理疫情外，CDC的活动还加强了流行病学和数据管理能力，以改善受影响国家的常规监测，即使在埃博拉疫情结束后，也是如此，并提高了当地快速应对未来公共卫生紧急情况的能力。然而，在开发这些埃博拉监测系统过程中克服的许多障碍突出表明，在公共卫生紧急情况发生之前，需要有强大的公共卫生、监测和信息技术基础设施。如《全球卫生安全议程》所述，需要对加强发展中国家的公共卫生监测系统进行长期的密切关注。如果没有与许多美国和国际合作伙伴的合作，本报告中总结的活动是不可能的（http：//www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/partners.html）。
Developing a surveillance system during a public health emergency is always challenging but is especially so in countries with limited public health infrastructure. Surveillance for Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in the West African countries heavily affected by Ebola (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone) faced numerous impediments, including insufficient numbers of trained staff, community reticence to report cases and contacts, limited information technology resources, limited telephone and Internet service, and overwhelming numbers of infected persons. Through the work of CDC and numerous partners, including the countries' ministries of health, the World Health Organization, and other government and nongovernment organizations, functional Ebola surveillance was established and maintained in these countries. CDC staff were heavily involved in implementing case-based surveillance systems, sustaining case surveillance and contact tracing, and interpreting surveillance data. In addition to helping the ministries of health and other partners understand and manage the epidemic, CDC's activities strengthened epidemiologic and data management capacity to improve routine surveillance in the countries affected, even after the Ebola epidemic ended, and enhanced local capacity to respond quickly to future public health emergencies. However, the many obstacles overcome during development of these Ebola surveillance systems highlight the need to have strong public health, surveillance, and information technology infrastructure in place before a public health emergency occurs. Intense, long-term focus on strengthening public health surveillance systems in developing countries, as described in the Global Health Security Agenda, is needed.The activities summarized in this report would not have been possible without collaboration with many U.S and international partners (http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/partners.html).