Jennifer Brier, Infectious Ideas: U.S. Political Responses to the AIDS Crisis
Jennifer Brier, Infectious Ideas: U.S. Political Responses to the AIDS Crisis
复制标题
Jennifer Brier，传染性思想：美国对艾滋病危机的政治反应
DOI：
10.1093/shm/hkr123
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
McKay R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McKay R
在这本重要的书中，詹妮弗·布里尔开始挑战一些关于艾滋病和社会保守主义的孪生历史的传统观点，这些观点在20世纪80年代和90年代主导了美国的政治格局。Brier将同性恋史、医学史和性史融合在一起，认为对艾滋病的反应应该在近代政治史上占有中心地位。她的论点有几个方面。首先，她挑战了里根的保守主义在20世纪80年代没有争议的观点。相反，Brier认为，艾滋病工作者--一个包括活动家、卫生保健专业人员和艾滋病患者在内的多元化群体--为里根政府对艾滋病的不作为提供了一个持续而有力的替代方案。她进一步认为，艾滋病对社会保守派提出了严峻的挑战，在几个关键问题上分裂了他们：性道德和教育，艾滋病患者的社会服务和外交政策。Brier试图表明，艾滋病活动并没有像人们通常认为的那样从美国和欧洲流向全球南方，而是同时在这两个地区对性别和经济不平等的影响进行了协调一致的关注。最后，布里尔声称艾滋病对政治格局产生了深远而广泛的影响，这产生了一种对进步政治可能性的替代观点，这种观点试图牢牢抓住种族，性别和经济不平等问题。本书的五个章节中的每一章都提出了一个单独但相互关联的艾滋病工作的政治斗争的案例研究，在地方，国家和跨国层面。因此，这本书将成为医学史，全球健康和政治学教师的欢迎资源。在第一章中，Brier强调了1981年至1984年期间如何应对艾滋病的不确定性。她认为，这一时期是意识形态竞争的战场，在此期间，同性恋解放运动提出的论点持续的时间比以前承认的要长得多。第二章详细分析了旧金山弗朗西斯科艾滋病基金会在为不同性别、种族和阶级的目标人群开展有意义的艾滋病预防运动时所面临的挑战。第三章是这本书的主要亮点，它深入探讨了里根政府对新出现的疾病的反应，以及疾病对保守主义统一观点的挑战。在高度原创的第四章中，布瑞尔展示了她在国家和跨国框架之间转换的轻松，重点是福特基金会的工作。通过分析1988年至1993年期间基金会资助的大量赠款，Brier提出了一个强有力的理由，即通过基金会资助的艾滋病工作，全球南方的女权主义活动家在将艾滋病工作与生殖健康和经济平等论点相结合的努力中做出了平等的贡献。这本书的最后一章探讨了ACT UP内部的分歧，
In this important book, Jennifer Brier sets out to challenge several conventional views about the twinned histories of AIDS and the social conservatism that has been held to dominate the American political landscape in the 1980s and 1990s. Brier blends gay history, medical history and the history of sexuality to argue that the response to AIDS deserves a central place in recent political history. Her argument has several strands. First, she challenges the notion that Reagan’s conservatism went uncontested in the 1980s. Instead, Brier argues that AIDS workers—a diverse group including activists, health care professionals and people with AIDS—offered a sustained and vigorous alternative to the Reagan administration’s inaction on the epidemic. She further argues that AIDS presented a critical challenge to social conservatives, splitting them on several key issues: sexual morality and education, social services for people with AIDS and foreign policy. Brier then attempts to show that, instead of an often-assumed flow of AIDS activism from the United States and Europe to the global South, a concerted focus on the impact of gender and economic inequality circulated in both regions simultaneously. Ultimately, Brier claims that AIDS had a profound and wide-ranging impact on the political landscape, which yielded an alternative view of the possibilities of progressive politics, one which attempted to hold issues of race, gender and economic inequality firmly in view. Each of the book’s five chapters presents a separate yet interrelated case study of the political struggles of AIDS work, at local, national and transnational levels. As such, the book will be a welcome resource for instructors of medical history, global health and political science. In the first chapter, Brier emphasises the significant period of uncertainty about how to deal with AIDS between 1981 and 1984. The period was a battleground for competing ideologies during which, she argues, arguments put forward by the gay liberation movement persisted for much longer than has been previously acknowledged. Chapter 2 provides a detailed examination of the challenges faced by the San Francisco AIDS Foundation in its attempts to create meaningful AIDS prevention campaigns for target populations that differed in terms of sexuality, race and class. The third chapter, the book’s main delight, is an in-depth exploration of the Reagan administration’s response to the emerging epidemic—and to the challenge that the disease posed to a unified view of conservatism.Brier displays her ease in shifting between national and transnational frames in a highly original fourth chapter focusing on the work of the Ford Foundation. By analysing a significant number of the Foundation’s funded grants between 1988 and 1993, Brier makes a strong case for the claim that, through their Foundation-funded AIDS work, feminist activists in the global South were equal contributors in the efforts to integrate AIDS work with reproductive health and arguments for economic equality. The book’s final chapter examines how internal divisions within ACT UP, the influential AIDS treatment