Age, Health, and the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: A Contingent Valuation Survey in Japan
Age, Health, and the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: A Contingent Valuation Survey in Japan
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年龄、健康状况和为降低死亡风险付费的意愿：日本的或有估值调查
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Cropper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Krupnick;A. Alberini;N. Simon;K. Itaoka;M. Akai;M. Cropper
在日本的静冈县进行了一项条件估值调查，以估计为减少死亡风险而支付的意愿（WTP），并计算用于日本环境政策的统计寿命价值（VSL）。特别关注的是年龄和健康特征对支付意愿的影响。我们发现，VSL略低于（1.03亿至3.44亿日元）在一些发达国家进行的几乎相同的调查中发现的值。这些值经过各种有效性测试，它们通常都通过了。我们发现，70岁以上的人的支付意愿低于年轻人，但这种影响在多元回归中被消除。相反，当考虑到其他协变量时，我们发现在我们的样本中（40岁及以上），支付意愿通常会随着年龄的增长而增加。健康状况对支付意愿的影响是混合的，癌症患者的支付意愿低于健康受访者，而心脏病患者的支付意愿则高于健康受访者。未来风险变化的VSLI低于同期风险降低的VSLI。5.8-8.0%的隐含贴现率相对大于环境政策分析中常用的贴现率。这是日本首次进行的此类调查，提供了直接有用的信息，可用于评估环境政策和其他政策的效益，这些政策降低了普通人群和具有各种具体特征的亚群体的死亡风险。
A contingent valuation survey was conducted in Sizuoka, Japan, to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions in the risk of dying and calculate the value of statistical life (VSL) for use in environmental policy in Japan. Special attention was devoted to the effects of age and health characteristics on WTP. We find that the VSLs are somewhat lower (103 to 344 million yen) than those found in the virtually identical survey applied in some developed countries. These values were subject to a variety of validity tests, which they generally passed. We find that the WTP for those over age 70 is lower than that for younger adults, but that this effect is eliminated in multiple regression. Rather, when accounting for other covariates, we find that WTP generally increases with age throughout the ages in our sample (age 40 and over). The effect of health status on WTP is mixed, with WTP of those with cancer being lower than that of healthy respondents while the WTP of those with heart disease is greater. The VSLs for future risk changes are lower than those for contemporaneous risk reductions. The implicit discount rates of 5.8–8.0% are relatively larger than the discount rate regularly used in environment policy analyses. This first-of-its-kind survey in Japan provides information directly useful for estimating the benefits of environmental and other policies that lower mortality risks to the general population and sub-groups with a variety of specific traits.
DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_pt_1.669
发表时间：
1995-03-01
影响因子：
24.7
作者：
POPE, CA;THUN, MJ;HEATH, CW
通讯作者：
HEATH, CW