EFFECTS OF AGE, GENDER AND EDUCATION ON SELECTED NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS IN AN ELDERLY COMMUNITY COHORT
EFFECTS OF AGE, GENDER AND EDUCATION ON SELECTED NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS IN AN ELDERLY COMMUNITY COHORT
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06738.x
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发表时间：
1993-06-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
BARRETTCONNOR, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WIEDERHOLT, WC;CAHN, D;BARRETTCONNOR, E
目的：建立基于人群的数据，特别强调年龄，性别和教育的影响，为八个，广泛使用的神经心理学测试在一个社区居住的正常和认知功能受损的老年人队列。设计：基于人群的观察研究。设置：在1988-1992年骨质疏松症评估期间，由受过专门训练的工作人员在研究诊所进行检查。参与者：1，692名社区居民受试者，年龄在55至94岁之间，他们是1972年开始的Rancho Bernardo心脏和慢性疾病研究的成员。男性的平均年龄为73.9岁（SD 9.3），女性为73.5岁（SD 9.1）。方差分析和事后对比进行，以确定年龄，性别，教育，以及他们的相互作用对这些tests.Results上的性能的影响：所有测试的性能逐步下降，没有平稳，从最年轻的，年龄55岁，到最老的，年龄94。女性表现更好的口头任务和男性的视觉空间，视觉概念和心理控制功能的测试。随着年龄的增长，男性在几项测试中的表现比女性下降得更快。受过大学教育的男性和女性在大多数测试中都比受过高中教育的男性和女性表现得更好，而且在受过大学教育的群体中，随着年龄的增长，下降的速度有时会更慢。只有储蓄分数从视觉再现测试，这是一个衡量遗忘率，和分数的短期回忆来自选择性提醒测试（Buschke-Fuld）不受教育程度achievement.Conclusions：在社区居住的队列，包括正常和认知功能受损的老年男性和女性，年龄的增长是伴随着认知功能下降的神经心理学测试。在妇女和受过大学教育的受试者中，这一下降速度较慢。两个认知指数不受教育的影响，这些可能是特别有用的跨文化研究。
Objective: To establish population-based data, with special emphasis on the effects of age, gender, and education, for eight, widely used neuropsychological tests in a community-dwelling cohort of normal and cognitively impaired older adults.Design: A population-based observational study.Setting: Examinations were performed in a research clinic by specially trained staff during a 1988-1992 evaluation for osteoporosis.Participants: 1,692 community-dwelling subjects, aged 55 to 94 years, who were members of the Rancho Bernardo Heart and Chronic Disease Study initiated in 1972. The mean age for men was 73.9 years (SD 9.3) and for women, 73.5 (SD 9.1).Outcome measures: Eight neuropsychological tests were used to measure cognitive functions. Analysis of variance and post hoc contrasts were performed to determine the effects of age, gender, education, and their interactions on performance on these tests.Results: Performance on all tests decreased progressively, without leveling off, from the youngest, age 55, to the oldest, age 94. Women performed better on verbal tasks and men on tests of visuospatial, visuoconceptual, and mental control functions. Performances of men on several tests declined more rapidly with advancing age than those of women. Both men and women with some college education performed better on most tests than men and women with high school educations, and the rate of decline with age was sometimes slower in the college-educated group. Only the savings score from the Visual Reproduction Test, which is a measure of rate of forgetting, and the scores of short-term recall derived from the Selective Reminding Test (Buschke-Fuld) were unaffected by educational attainment.Conclusions: In a community-dwelling cohort, including normal and cognitively impaired elderly men and women, advancing age is accompanied by decline in cognitive functions as measured by neuropsychological tests. This decline is slower in women and in college-educated subjects. Two cognitive indices were unaffected by education, and these may be especially useful in cross-cultural studies.