Growth, flesh adiposity and fatty acid composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) families with contrasting flesh adiposity: Effects of replacement of dietary fish oil with vegetable oils
Growth, flesh adiposity and fatty acid composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) families with contrasting flesh adiposity: Effects of replacement of dietary fish oil with vegetable oils
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.021
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发表时间：
2010-08-15
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Tocher, D. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bell, J. G.;Pratoomyot, J.;Tocher, D. R.
本研究比较了三个家庭组的大西洋鲑鱼的小鲑鱼后的饮食配方与减少鱼粉（FM）含量和100%鱼油（FO）或100%的植物油（VU）混合物的影响。两组被选择为“瘦”或“胖”的基础上估计育种值（EBV）的肉肥胖的父母从育种计划，而第三组（CAL）是一个混合的非血统的商业家庭无关的上述两组。VU共混物包括油菜籽、棕榈和新产品亚麻荠油，比例为5/3/2，并且将饮食喂给每个鲑鱼组的重复围栏。经过55周的生长期，达到3公斤的平均重量，从所有治疗的鱼被切换到一个净化的FO为进一步的24周，以遵循恢复的长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）在鱼先前喂VU。最终的重量显着影响家庭组，也有饮食和组之间的相互作用，脂肪和瘦FO鱼大于相同的鱼喂VU。特定生长率（SGR）在CAL鱼中最高（1.01），饲料转化率（FCR）在瘦肉型鱼中最高，但对热生长系数（TGC）没有显著影响。条件因子（CF）在CAL鱼中最低，肝体指数（HSI）在瘦肉型鱼中最高，内脏体指数（VSI）在肥鱼中最高。肉和内脏脂肪含量受家庭组和饮食的影响，两者之间存在显著的交互作用。在鱼的肉脂肪喂养FO的顺序是脂肪>CAL>瘦，虽然这个顺序是脂肪=瘦>CAL时，喂养VU。肉脂肪酸组成主要受日粮影响，但也有一些次要脂肪酸受群体影响。与饲喂FO的鱼相比，饲喂VU的鱼的n-3 LC-PUFA减少了65%，但这可以通过16周的FO肥育饮食阶段恢复。在脂质和脂肪酸沉积中观察到的差异表明，遗传影响脂质沉积和代谢，并且育种计划可以选择在其肉中保留更多n-3 LC-PUFA的鱼，特别是当喂食这些脂肪酸低的饮食时。(C)2010 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
The present study compared the effects of diets formulated with reduced fishmeal (FM) content and either 100% fish oil (FO) or 100% of a vegetable oil (VU) blend in post-smolts of three family groups of Atlantic salmon. Two groups were selected as being either "Lean" or "Fat" based on estimated breeding values (EBV) for flesh adiposity of their parents derived from a breeding programme, while the third group (CAL) was a mix of non-pedigreed commercial families unrelated to the two groups above. The VU blend comprised rapeseed, palm and a new product, Camelina oil in a ratio of 5/3/2, and diets were fed to duplicate pens of each salmon group. After an ongrowing period of 55 weeks, to reach a mean weight of 3 kg, the fish from all treatments were switched to a decontaminated FO for a further 24 weeks to follow restoration of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in the fish previously fed VU. Final weights were significantly affected by family group and there was also an interaction between diet and group with Fat and Lean FO fish being larger than the same fish fed VU. Specific growth rate (SGR) was highest in CAL fish (1.01), feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest in the Lean fish but there were no significant effects on thermal growth coefficient (TGC). Condition Factor (CF) was lowest in CAL fish while the hepato-somatic index (HSI) was highest in Lean fish and viscero-somatic index (VSI) highest in Fat fish. Flesh and viscera lipid content was affected by both family group and diet with a significant interaction between the two. Flesh lipid in fish fed FO was in the order Fat>CAL>Lean although this order was Fat=Lean>CAL when fed VU. Flesh fatty acid compositions were affected mainly by diet although some minor fatty acids were also influenced by group. Fish fed VU had n-3 LC-PUFA reduced by similar to 65% compared to fish fed FO but this could be restored by a 16-week FO finishing diet phase. The differences observed in lipid and fatty acid deposition suggested that genetics affected lipid deposition and metabolism and that breeding programmes could select for fish that retained more n-3 LC-PUFA in their flesh, particularly when fed diets low in these fatty acids. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.