The impact of aging on associative memory for preexisting unitized associations
The impact of aging on associative memory for preexisting unitized associations
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/13825585.2016.1263725
复制
发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Bastin, Christine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delhaye, Emma;Bastin, Christine
衰老伴随着联想记忆的衰退，然而，当联想在编码时被单位化时，也就是说，当它们形成一个完整的实体时，这种衰退就会减弱。单位化被认为可以促进基于熟悉度的识别记忆，这种记忆在衰老过程中得以保存。我们研究了实验前的单位化联想（复合词（CW））是否确实减少了记忆中的年龄差异，以及实验前的单位化是否促进了熟悉度。在实验1中，我们评估了20名年轻和20名老年参与者的记忆复合词与无关的词对使用是/否识别测试记住/知道/猜测判断。在实验2中，我们测试了20名年轻和20名老年参与者使用相同的程序，除了使用一个两个替代的被迫选择识别范式，这被认为是提高熟悉的贡献。这两个实验的结果证实了更大的贡献，熟悉的认可的单位化协会。然而，在实验1中，使用CW并没有减弱与年龄相关的关联下降。我们认为，预先存在的知识与重组化合物诱导高的绝对熟悉和虚幻的回忆，导致高的错误识别率的老年人。相比之下，在实验2中，两组在两种条件下的表现相似。因此，强迫选择程序以这样一种方式促进了熟悉性的使用，即它将老年人的联想记忆提高到年轻参与者的水平。这些结果表明，调制的联想记忆在老化的预先存在的unitization根据方法参数，如性质的诱惑和测试格式。
Aging is accompanied by a decline in associative memory that can, however, be attenuated when associations are unitized at encoding, that is, when they form an integrated entity. Unitization is thought to promote familiarity-based recognition memory, which is preserved in aging. We examined whether preexperimentally unitized associations (compound words (CWs)) do indeed reduce age differences in memory, and whether preexperimental unitization promotes familiarity. In Experiment 1, we assessed the memory of 20 young and 20 older participants for compound versus unrelated word pairs using a yes/no recognition test with Remember/Know/Guess judgments. In Experiment 2, we tested 20 young and 20 older participants using the same procedure, except for the use of a two-alternative forced-choice recognition paradigm, which is thought to enhance the contribution of familiarity. The results of both experiments corroborated the greater contribution of familiarity to recognition of unitized associations. In Experiment 1, however, the use of CWs did not attenuate the age-related associative decline. We suggest that preexisting knowledge associated with recombined compounds induced high absolute familiarity and illusory recollection, leading to high false-recognition rates for the older adults. By contrast, the two groups performed similarly across both conditions in Experiment 2. Thus, the forced-choice procedure facilitates the use of familiarity in such a way that it improves older adults' associative memory to the level of young participants. These results suggest that the modulation of associative memory in aging by preexisting unitization varies according to methodological parameters, such as the nature of the lures and the test format.